Table 1.
The comparison of demographic, clinical characteristics, and treatment modalities of the patients according to pulmonary involvement
| Pulmonary involvement | Total | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (n = 57) | Yes (n = 69) | p | |||
| Mean ± SD (median) | Mean ± SD (median) | Mean ± SD (median) | |||
| Age (months) (median) | 48.1 ± 72.79 (6) | 96.74 ± 81.51 (75) | 74.73 ± 81.11 (24) | 0.000 a , * | |
| Duration of fever (median) (days) | 1.94 ± 1.16 (2) | 3.21 ± 2 (2) | 2.67 ± 1.8 (2) | 0.000 a , * | |
| Duration of cough (median) (days) | 3.06 ± 1.98 (2.5) | 3.85 ± 2.41 (3) | 3.64 ± 2.32 (3) | 0.230a | |
| Duration of hospitalization (median) (days) | 7.86 ± 3.2 (8) | 9.62 ± 3.99 (9) | 8.83 ± 3.74 (8.5) | 0.004 a , * | |
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |||
| Gender | Female | 22 (38.6%) | 34 (49.3%) | 56 (44.4%) | 0.230b |
| Male | 35 (61.4%) | 35 (50.7%) | 70 (55.6%) | ||
| Household close contact | No | 19 (33.3%) | 27 (39.1%) | 46 (36.5%) | 0.455c |
| Yes | 37 (64.9%) | 42 (60.9%) | 79 (62.7%) | ||
| Underlying condition | No | 40 (70.2%) | 43 (62.3%) | 83 (65.9%) | – |
| Gastroesophageal reflux | 1 (1.8%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.8%) | ||
| Hydronephrosis | 1 (1.8%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.8%) | ||
| Prematurity | 2 (3.5%) | 1 (1.4%) | 3 (2.4%) | ||
| Congenital heart disease | 4 (7%) | 2 (2.9%) | 6 (4.8%) | ||
| Asthma | 1 (1.8%) | 4 (5.8%) | 5 (4%) | ||
| Type‐1 diabetes mellitus | 3 (5.3%) | 1 (1.4%) | 4 (3.2%) | ||
| Metabolic diseases | 1 (1.8%) | 4 (5.8%) | 5 (4%) | ||
| Congenital neutropenia | 1 (1.8%) | 1 (1.4%) | 2 (1.6%) | ||
| Epilepsy | 0 (0%) | 2 (2.9%) | 2 (1.6%) | ||
| Immune deficiency | 1 (1.8%) | 3 (4.3%) | 4 (3.2%) | ||
| Chronic kidney disease | 0 (0%) | 2 (2.9%) | 2 (1.6%) | ||
| Obesity | 0 (0%) | 2 (2.9%) | 2 (1.6%) | ||
| Autism | 1 (1.8%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.8%) | ||
| Down syndrome | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.4%) | 1 (0.8%) | ||
| Acute lymphoblastic leukemia | 0 (0%) | 2 (2.9%) | 2 (1.6%) | ||
| Mental retardation | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.4%) | 1 (0.8%) | ||
| Cerebral palsy | 1 (1.8%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.8%) | ||
| Underlying condition | No | 40 (70.2%) | 43 (62.3%) | 83 (65.9%) | 0.461d |
| Yes | 17 (29.8%) | 26 (37.7%) | 43 (34.1%) | ||
| Symptoms | Fever | 35 (61.4%) | 48 (69.6%) | 83 (65.9%) | 0.336b |
| Cough | 18 (3.6%) | 48 (69.6%) | 66 (52.4%) | 0.000 d , * | |
| Runny nose | 2 (3.5%) | 4 (5.8%) | 6 (4.8%) | 0.435e | |
| Sore throat | 1 (1.8%) | 3 (4.3%) | 4 (3.2%) | – | |
| Myalgia | 6 (10.5%) | 15 (21.7%) | 21 (16.7%) | 0.150d | |
| Abdominal pain | 1 (1.8%) | 4 (5.8%) | 5 (4%) | – | |
| Diarrhea | 9 (15.8%) | 5 (7.2%) | 14 (11.1%) | 0.217d | |
| Shortness of breath | 1 (1.8%) | 22 (31.9%) | 23 (18.3%) | – | |
| Favipiravir use | No | 55 (96.5%) | 56 (81.2%) | 111 (88.1%) | 0.018 d , * |
| Yes | 2 (3.5%) | 13 (18.8%) | 15 (11.9%) | ||
| Azithromycin use | No | 49 (86%) | 50 (72.5%) | 99 (78.6%) | 0.105d |
| Yes | 8 (14%) | 19 (27.5%) | 27 (21.4%) | ||
| Antibiotherapy | No | 19 (33.3%) | 9 (13%) | 28 (22.2%) | – |
| Ampicillin‐sulbactam | 3 (5.3%) | 2 (2.9%) | 5 (4%) | ||
| Ampicillin+cefotaxime | 12 (21.1%) | 6 (8.7%) | 18 (14.3%) | ||
| Ceftriaxone | 15 (26.3%) | 14 (20.3%) | 29 (23%) | ||
| Cefotaxime | 4 (7%) | 7 (10.1%) | 11 (8.7%) | ||
| Teicoplanin+piperacillin‐tazobactam | 1 (1.8%) | 1 (1.4%) | 2 (1.6%) | ||
| Teicoplanin+ceftriaxone | 1 (1.8%) | 24 (34.8%) | 25 (19.8%) | ||
| Vancomycin+ceftriaxone | 1 (1.8%) | 4 (5.8%) | 5 (4%) | ||
| Cefepime | 1 (1.8%) | 2 (2.9%) | 3 (2.4%) | ||
| Type of delivery | Spontaneous vaginal delivery | 23 (40.4%) | 42 (60.9%) | 65 (51.6%) | 0.022 b , * |
| Cesarean delivery | 34 (59.6%) | 27 (39.1%) | 61 (48.4%) | ||
| Noninvasive mechanical ventilation | No | 57 (100%) | 59 (85.5%) | 116 (92.1%) | – |
| Yes | 0 (0%) | 10 (14.5%) | 10 (7.9%) | ||
| Neutropenia | No | 42 (73.7%) | 56 (81.2%) | 98 (77.8%) | 0.430d |
| Yes | 15 (26.3%) | 13 (18.8%) | 28 (22.2%) | ||
| Lymphopenia | No | 52 (91.2%) | 49 (71%) | 101 (80.2%) | 0.009 d , * |
| Yes | 5 (8.8%) | 20 (29%) | 25 (1.8%) | ||
| Corticosteroid use | No | 57 (100%) | 58 (84.1%) | 115 (91.3%) | – |
| Yes | 0 (0%) | 11 (15.9%) | 11 (8.7%) | ||
| Low molecular–weight heparin use | No | 53 (93%) | 52 (75.4%) | 105 (83.3%) | 0.016 d , * |
| Yes | 4 (7%) | 17 (24.6%) | 21 (16.7%) | ||
| Mortality | No | 56 (98.2%) | 69 (100%) | 125 (99.2%) | – |
| Yes | 1 (1.8%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.8%) | ||
a
Mann–Whitney U test.
b
Chi‐square test.
c
Fisher Freeman Halton test.
d
Yates's continuity correction.
e
Fisher's exact test.
*
p < 0.05.