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. 2022 Sep 29;8(5):e10411. doi: 10.1002/btm2.10411

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© 2022 The Authors. Bioengineering & Translational Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Institute of Chemical Engineers.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Adsorption assays to quantify the binding propensity of SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein and VLP onto artificial human skin and tested materials. (a) Epi‐illumination images of SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein‐FITC adsorbed on the respective materials over a 2‐hour incubation period. (b) Quantification of the amount of bound SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein in (a) based on FITC fluorescence intensity (A.U. indicates arbitrary unit). (c and d) The amount of SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein (c) and VLP (d) recovered in the eluent after being rinsed off from the artificial skin and the TGM PU material (FlexiPalms) as quantified by ELISA. *P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001, ****P < .0001, and ns indicates not significant. PU, polyurethane; VLP, virus‐like particles