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. 2022 Sep 23;13:921705. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2022.921705

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Copyright © 2022 Mo, Xu, Fu, Chen, Wen, Huang, Guo, Mo and Yan.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Microglial polarization after stroke: microglial activation is divided into two phenotypes: M1-like and M2-like microglia. M1 microglia can be induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), etc., resulting in an increase in pro-inflammatory factors. M2-like microglia can be induced by IL-4, IL-13, etc., resulting in an increase in anti-inflammatory factors. Activated microglia pass through NF-κB, JAK-STAT, Notch, TLRs, and other signaling pathways. M1-like type promotes the inflammatory response and kills intracellular substances, while M2-like type plays an anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and repairing role in tissues.