Table 3.
Risk of bias assessment
| Study | Representativeness of the exposed cohort | Selection of the non‐exposed cohort | Ascertainment of exposure | Demonstration that outcome of interest was not present at start of study | Comparability of cohorts based on the design or analysis controlled for confounders | Assessment of outcome | Was follow‐up long enough for outcomes to occur? | Adequacy of follow‐up of cohorts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ghoshal et al. (2020) | * | * | * | * | ** | * | * | |
| Kang et al. (2020) | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | |
| De Moura et al. (2020) | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | |
| Ramachandran et al. (2020) | * | * | * | * | * | * | ||
| Zhang et al. (2020) | * | * | * | * | * | * | ||
| Cao et al. (2020) | * | * | * | * | * | * | ||
| Lin et al. (2020) | * | * | * | * | * | |||
| Jin et al. (2020) | * | * | * | * | ** | * | * | |
| Wan et al. (2020) | * | * | * | * | * | * | ||
| Wei et al. (2020) | * | * | * | * | * | |||
| Han et al. (2020) | * | * | * | ** | * | * | * | |
| Pan et al. (2020) | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | |
| Grover et al. (2021) | * | * | * | ** | * | * | ||
| Zheng et al. (2020) | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | |
| Zhou et al. (2020) | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | |
| Xiong et al. (2021) | * | * | * | * | * | |||
| Gonzalez Jimenez et al. (2020) | * | * | * | * | * | |||
| Redd et al. (2020) | * | * | * | * | * | * | ||
| Schettino et al. (2021) | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | |
| Hajifathalian et al. (2020) | * | * | * | * | * | * | ||
| Bishehsari et al. (2022) | * | * | * | * | * | * | ||
| Delavari et al. (2022) | * | * | * | ** | * | * | * | |
| Fallouh et al. (2022) | * | * | * | * | * | * | ||
| Patel et al. (2022) | * | * | * | * | * |
* = 1 point.
** = 2 points.