TABLE 1.
Overview of patient characteristics, history, vaccination‐related symptoms, and results of audiovestibular testing in the subgroup of COVID‐19‐related vestibular syndromes (n = 72)
| PPPD/FD | VM | PPPD/FD + VM | BPPV | UVP | MD | VP | Other | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient characteristics | ||||||||
| n (%) | 25 (34.7%) | 14 (19.4%) | 13 (18.1%) | 9 (12.5%) | 3 (4.2%) | 3 (4.2%) | 2 (2.8%) | 3 (4.2%) |
| Female/male, n | 10/15 | 12/2 | 12/1 | 7/2 | 2/1 | 2/1 | 0/2 | 0/3 |
| Age, years | 44.4 ± 13.9 | 42.1 ± 13.4 | 39.1 ± 11.6 | 66.3 ± 14.2 | 45.4 ± 5.9 | 52.7 ± 5.8 | 55.4 ± 5.6 | 63.1 ± 11.4 |
| Patient history, n | ||||||||
| Preceding psychiatric disease | 9 | 1 | 5 | – | 2 | 1 | – | – |
| Headache | 5 | 9 | 12 | 1 | 2 | – | – | – |
| Vaccination‐related symptoms, n | ||||||||
| General reaction | 9 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | – |
| Migrainelike symptoms | – | 9 | 6 | 2 | – | – | – | – |
| Onset of vestibular symptoms (postvaccination) | ||||||||
| 0–24 h | 1 | 7 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | – |
| 1–7 days | 10 | 4 | 2 | 5 | – | – | – | 2 |
| 2–4 weeks | 14 | 3 | 4 | – | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Audiovestibular testing, n | ||||||||
| Peripheral vestibular function | ||||||||
| Normal | 23 | 12 | 13 | 6 | – | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| Old unilateral deficit | 2 | 1 | – | 2 | – | 1 | – | 1 |
| Old bilateral deficit | – | 1 | – | 1 | – | – | – | – |
| New unilateral deficit | – | – | – | – | 3 | 1 | – | – |
| New bilateral deficit | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Central vestibular function | ||||||||
| Central vestibular/ocular motor signs | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | – |
| Acute vestibular tone imbalance | – | – | – | 2 | 1 | – | – | – |
| Posturography | ||||||||
| PPPD/FD sway | 11 | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Normal | 12 | 4 | 10 | – | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Hearing function | ||||||||
| Normal | 23 | 14 | 12 | 6 | 3 | – | 2 | 3 |
| New or worsening of hearing dysfunction | – | – | – | – | – | 3 | – | – |
Abbreviations: BPPV, benign peripheral paroxysmal vertigo; MD, Ménière disease; PPPD/FD, persistent postural perceptual dizziness/functional dizziness; UVP, unilateral vestibulopathy; VM, vestibular migraine; VP, vestibular paroxysmia.