Table 4.
Association of remdesivir and mortality of COVID‐19 patients who were treated in the intensive care unit in Cox hazard models (N = 168)
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI |
| Control | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||
| Remdesivir, interval ≤9 days | 0.25* | 0.111–0.564 | 0.16* | 0.052–0.478 | 0.10* | 0.025–0.428 |
| Remdesivir, interval 10+ days | 0.73 | 0.279–1.911 | 0.57 | 0.194–1.671 | 0.42 | 0.117–1.524 |
| Age (years) | ||||||
| −39 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||
| 40–64 | 0.22 | 0.024–2.082 | 0.21 | 0.019–2.391 | 0.18 | 0.013–2.367 |
| 65+ | 0.65 | 0.076–5.551 | 1.04 | 0.097–11.131 | 0.78 | 0.059–10.366 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||
| Male | 0.83 | 0.302–2.304 | 1.29 | 0.387–4.300 | 1.18 | 0.340–4.106 |
| Number of comorbidities | ||||||
| 0 | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| 1 | 3.02* | 1.123–8.111 | 3.62* | 1.244–10.562 | ||
| 2+ | 3.13* | 1.088–8.986 | 5.53* | 1.747–17.526 | ||
| Date of admission | ||||||
| 1st–2nd wave | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| 3rd wave | 1.85 | 0.656–5.218 | 2.40 | 0.736–7.802 | ||
| 4th wave | 1.34 | 0.371–4.868 | 1.97 | 0.439–8.842 | ||
| 5th wave | 5.74* | 1.423–23.146 | 7.04* | 1.311–37.821 | ||
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | ||||||
| 30+ | Ref. | |||||
| <30 | 0.82 | 0.276–2.415 | ||||
| ALT (IU/L) | ||||||
| <115 | Ref. | |||||
| 115+ | 3.27 | 0.497–21.557 | ||||
| Baseline oxygen demands | ||||||
| Low flow oxygen or oxygen free | Ref. | |||||
| High flow oxygen or Ventilator | 2.11 | 0.559–7.951 | ||||
| Lung opacity volume (%) tertiles | ||||||
| Q1: median 19.6 (0.18–30.8) | Ref. | |||||
| Q2: median 43.6 (31.2–56.4) | 3.10* | 1.011–9.479 | ||||
| Q3: median 65.5 (56.5–94.4) | 1.14 | 0.357–3.645 | ||||
Note: First–second wave (April–October/2020), second wave (November/2020–February/2021), fourth wave (March–June/2021), fifth wave (July–November/2021). Model 1: Adjusted for age and sex. Model 2: Additionally adjusted for the number of risk comorbidities and the date of admission. Model 3: Additionally adjusted for renal dysfunction, liver dysfunction, baseline oxygen demand, and lung opacity volume.
Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; CI, confidence interval; COVID‐19, coronavirus disease 2019; eGFR, Estimation of glomerular filtration rate; HR, hazard ratio.
*
p < 0.05.