Table 4.

Clinical characteristics of vaccination‐related myocarditis

Symptoms	Signs
Chest pain or pressure, may be respiratory‐dependent	Elevated troponins (peak between 48–72 h after symptom onset)
Shortness of breath	C‐reactive protein elevation
Palpitations	Minor pericardial effusion on transthoracic echocardiography
Malaise	Cardiac inflammation on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging
General weakness and fatigue	Electrocardiographic changes (most commonly subtle and non‐specific): Mild diffuse ST‐segment changes PQ segment depressions Non‐specific ST‐segment changes Sinus tachycardia Supraventricular or ventricular arrhythmias (very rare)
Subfebrile or febrile temperatures	Clinical signs of heart failure and severe arrhythmias are very rare