Table 6.

Management of vaccination‐related myocarditis

Clinical presentation	Treatment
Chest pain	Exclude acute coronary syndrome clinically or in uncertain cases angiographically
Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction	Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitors Beta‐blockers Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors
Arrhythmias	Guideline‐directed therapy based on the type of arrhythmia
Fulminant cases/cardiogenic shock (very rare)	Corticosteroids for short duration Mechanical circulatory support and/or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (class IIa) in left ventricular dysfunction to unload the left ventricle and provide support as bridge to recovery
Higher‐degree atrioventricular block (very rare)	Pacemaker