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. 2022 Sep 23;12:963314. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.963314

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Effects of UA on cell migration, invasion, and apoptosis progression in cholangiocarcinoma cell lines. (A) Representative images obtained at 12 h after a scratch wound was made in confluent monolayers of HuCCT-1 and SSP-25 cells. After the scratch, 0, 10, or 40 μmol/L of UA were added. The migration rates were quantified by measuring the area of the injured region. Data represent the means of three independent experiments. Bars, standard deviation; **P < 0.01. (B) Representative transwell-membrane images stained with crystal violet show invasion cells after 12 h of treatment with 0, 10, or 40 μmol/L UA in HuCCT-1 and SSP-25 cells. Quantitative analysis of the invasion cells was expressed as fold change relative to untreated controls. Data represent the means of three independent experiments. Bars, standard deviation; **P < 0.01. (C) HuCCT-1 cells were treated with 0, 10, or 40 μmol/L UA for 24 h, and then stained with annexin-V FITC and PI. Apoptosis cells were evaluated using flow cytometry. (D) HuCCT-1 cells were treated with 40 μmol/L UA for 0, 1, 3, 6, or 24 h Expression of apoptosis-related factors was analyzed by Western blotting for cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-3. β-actin was used as an internal loading control.