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. 2022 Sep 23;13:1002742. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1002742

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Copyright © 2022 Gao, Gao and Li

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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EVs have potential applications in treatment of OS. EVs are multifunctional nanostructured carriers which can be used as drug delivery systems with low immunogenicity as well as high biocompatibility and efficacy. OS-derived EVs contain immunomodulation properties that significantly reduces T cell proliferation rates and promote T regulatory phenotypes, thereby promoting OS progression. OS cases showing low chemosensitivity in patients showing favorable chemosensitivity. miR-9, miR-27a, miR-135b and miR-148a show marked up-regulation within serum EVs of OS patients. OS cells could promote osteosarcoma lung metastasis by releasing EVs that contained PD-L1 and N-calcineurin. EVs from cisplatin-resistant (CDDP)-resistant OS cells decreased P-glycoprotein and MDR-associated protein 1 levels in MG63 and U2OS cells, increases cellular sensitivity to CDDP and inhibits apoptosis through exosomal-hsa_circ_103801.