Table 1.

piRNAs as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers in clinical studies.

Cancer type	Sample number	Source	piRNA	Expression	AUC	Sensitivity	Specificity	OS (p-value)	PFS (p-value)	Reference
Gastric cancer	66 patients, 66 controls	Gastric juice	piR-1245	Up	0.885	0.909	0.742	0.015	0.013	(106)
Gastric cancer	93 patients, 32 controls	Peripheral blood	piR-651	Down	0.841	0.709	0.813	/	/	(97)
			piR-823	Down	0.822	0.805	0.812	/	/
Colorectal cancer	80 patients, 80 controls	Serum	piR-5937	Down	0.806	0.718	0.725	/	/	(107)
			piR-28876	Down	0.807	0.753	0.700	/	/
Colorectal cancer	120 patients, 120 controls	Serum	piR-017724	Down	0.756	0.575	0.817	0.005	0.002	(108)
Colorectal cancer	725 patients, 1,512 controls	Serum	piR-54265	Up	0.896	0.857	0.651	/	/	(109)
Colorectal cancer	140 patients, 140 controls	Serum	piR-020619	Up	0.871	0.843	0.764	/	/	(110)
			piR-020450	Up	0.841	0.814	0.750	/	/
			piR-020814	Up	0.680	0.586	0.729	/	/
Colorectal cancer	87 patients, 87 controls	Tissue	piR-24000	Up	0.818	0.931	0.690	/	/	(111)
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma	54 patients, 54 controls	Tissue	piR-823	Up	0.713	0.630	0.770	/	/	(112)
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma	118 patients, 75 controls	Tissue	piR-34536	Down	0.815	0.780	0.781	0.005	0.040	(113)
			piR-51810	Down	0.829	0.856	0.712	<0.001	0.001

AUC, area under the curve; OS, overall survival; PFS, progression-free survival.