Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study sample.
| Variables | Unweighted n | Weighted n (weighted %) |
|---|---|---|
| (n = 14,277) | (n = 871,264) | |
| Self-rated health | ||
| Good | 10,779 | 670,862 (77.00) |
| Poor | 3,498 | 200,402 (23.00) |
| Individual factors | ||
| Gender | ||
| Men | 8,721 | 578,600 (66.41) |
| Women | 5,556 | 292,644 (33.59) |
| Age (years) | ||
| 15–29 | 3,644 | 218,795 (25.11) |
| 30–39 | 4,936 | 291,320 (33.44) |
| 40–49 | 2,503 | 153,558 (17.62) |
| 50–59 | 2,090 | 140,109 (16.08) |
| ≥ 60 | 1,104 | 67,482 (7.75) |
| Education level | ||
| ≤ Elementary school | 1,179 | 71,326 (8.19) |
| Middle school | 2,797 | 164,001 (18.82) |
| High school | 6,147 | 373,156 (42.83) |
| ≥ College | 4,154 | 262,780 (30.16) |
| Ethnicity | ||
| Korean-Chinese | 5,172 | 329,734 (37.85) |
| Chinese | 1,021 | 46,317 (5.32) |
| Other Asian | 6,880 | 411,809 (47.27) |
| Non-Asian | 1,204 | 83,404 (9.57) |
| Social factors | ||
| Length of residency, years | ||
| < 3 | 3,196 | 221,077 (25.37) |
| 3–9 | 6,843 | 426,630 (48.97) |
| ≥10 | 4,238 | 223,557 (25.66) |
| Korean citizenship (visa status) | ||
| Acquired | 2,892 | 28,146 (3.23) |
| Not acquired | 11,385 | 843,118 (96.77) |
| Discrimination experience | ||
| Yes | 2,991 | 178,011 (20.43) |
| No | 11,286 | 693,253 (79.57) |
| Korean language ability (mean ± SD) | 9.02 ± 3.05 | |
| Fluent | 2,212 | 149,414 (17.15) |
| Moderately fluent | 5,450 | 337,040 (38.68) |
| Limited | 6,615 | 384,809 (44.17) |
| Koreans they can ask for help | ||
| Yes | 6,137 | 331,353 (38.03) |
| No | 8,140 | 539,911 (61.97) |
| Unmet healthcare needs | ||
| Yes | 762 | 50,403 (5.79) |
| No | 13,515 | 820,861 (94.21) |
| Living and working environment factors | ||
| Residential environment satisfaction | ||
| Dissatisfied | 298 | 19,878 (2.28) |
| Mid | 2,291 | 141,455 (16.24) |
| Satisfied | 11,688 | 709,931 (81.48) |
| Job satisfaction | ||
| Dissatisfied | 752 | 42,787 (4.91) |
| Mid | 3,698 | 215,411 (24.72) |
| Satisfied | 9,827 | 613,066 (70.37) |
| Income satisfaction | ||
| Dissatisfied | 1,781 | 100,943 (11.59) |
| Mid | 4,430 | 258,241 (29.64) |
| Satisfied | 8,066 | 512,080 (58.77) |
| Working hours (hours/week) | ||
| Temporary leave | 1,055 | 57,446 (6.59) |
| < 40 | 1,912 | 107,376 (12.32) |
| ≥ 40 | 11,310 | 706,442 (81.08) |
SD, Standard deviation; Mid, middle.