TABLE 1.
Descriptive characteristics of the cohort before propensity score matching according to the presence of MHCs
| No MHC | Any MHC | Depression | Bipolar disorder | Anxiety disorder | Schizophrenia | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 164,212 | n = 38,942 | n = 8982 | n = 933 | n = 3689 | n = 1329 | |
| Demographics | ||||||
| Mean age, years | 71.8 (13.3) | 71.7 (14.6) | 68.7 (14.6)* | 62.8 (12.8)* | 64.8 (16.6)* | 68.8 (11.7)* |
| Female sex | 76,534 (46.6) | 22,962 (59.0)* | 5265 (58.6)* | 412 (44.2) | 2221 (60.2)* | 636 (47.9) |
| Income quintiles | * | * | * | * | * | |
| 1st | 31,183 (19.0) | 9852 (25.3) | 1859 (20.7) | 187 (20.0) | 714 (19.4) | 712 (53.6) |
| 2nd | 30,892 (18.8) | 8710 (22.4) | 2077 (23.1) | 224 (24.0) | 871 (23.6) | 350 (26.3) |
| 3rd | 32,047 (19.5) | 7905 (20.3) | 2021 (22.5) | 194 (20.8) | 822 (22.3) | 162 (12.2) |
| 4th | 34,410 (21.0) | 6979 (17.9) | 1819 (20.3) | 185 (19.8) | 781 (21.2) | 61 (4.6) |
| 5th | 35,680 (21.7) | 5496 (14.4) | 1206 (13.4) | 143 (15.3) | 501 (13.6) | 44 (3.3) |
| Comorbidities and medications | ||||||
| Alcohol abuse | 4344 (2.6) | 3724 (9.6)* | 1601 (17.8)* | 271 (29.0)* | 650 (17.6)* | 129 (9.7)* |
| Diabetes | 33,314 (20.3) | 9322 (23.9)* | 2389 (26.6)* | 293 (31.4)* | 811 (22.0)* | 466 (35.1)* |
| Dyslipidaemia | 73,535 (44.8) | 17,918 (46.0)* | 4274 (47.6)* | 440 (47.2) | 1623 (44.0) | 464 (43.9)* |
| Heart failure | 27,113 (16.5) | 7780 (20.0)* | 1633 (18.2)* | 153 (16.4) | 564 (15.3)* | 412 (31.0)* |
| Hypertension | 124,677 (75.9) | 31,097 (79.9)* | 7239 (80.6)* | 725 (77.7) | 2955 (80.1)* | 890 (67.0)* |
| Liver cirrhosis or failure | 789 (0.5) | 321 (0.8)* | 114 (1.3)* | 11 (1.2)* | 39 (1.1)* | 10 (0.8) |
| Renal failure or dialysis | 3046 (1.9) | 906 (2.3)* | 246 (2.7)* | 22 (2.4) | 90 (2.4)* | 28 (2.1) |
| Vascular disease | 39,071 (23.8) | 10,111 (26.0)* | 2249 (25.0)* | 179 (19.2) | 803 (21.8) | 265 (19.9)* |
| CHA2DS2‐VASc score | 3.0 (1.6) | 3.3 (1.6)* | 3.1 (1.7)* | 2.5 (1.5)* | 2.9 (1.7)* | 3.1 (1.6) |
| Modified HAS‐BLED score(max 7) | 1.7 (0.8) | 1.8 (0.9)* | 1.8 (0.9)* | 1.7 (0.9)* | 1.7 (0.9)* | 1.6 (0.9)* |
| OAC therapy during follow‐up (before stroke) | 118,111 (72.1) | 24,781 (63.8)* | 5760 (64.3)* | 593 (63.8)* | 2201 (59.9)* | 788 (59.4)* |
Note: Values denote n (%) or mean (standard deviation). Modified HAS‐BLED score, hypertension, abnormal renal or liver function, prior stroke, bleeding history, age > 65 years, alcohol abuse (no labile INR or concomitant antiplatelet/NSAIDs use, max score 7).
Abbreviations: CHA2DS2‐VASc, congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥ 75 years, diabetes, history of stroke or TIA, vascular disease, age 65–74 years, sex category (female); DOAC, direct oral anticoagulant; MHC, mental health condition; VKA, vitamin K antagonist.
*p < 0.05 when compared to patients without MHC.