Table 2.

Recommendations for implementing ECO-design workshops.

Workshop aspect or dimension	Observation or lesson (facilitator or barrier)	Recommendation
Recruitment and scheduling	Breakout rooms allowed exploring ideas in parallel (facilitator). No travel required (facilitator). Reduced time burden on clinicians (facilitator). No peer introductions or icebreaker activities (barrier); acceptable if participants already know each other. Invitees via digital recruitment may not be from the desired stakeholder group, owing to outdated or missing information (barrier).	Take advantage of existing meetings; this will help with recruitment opportunities because adding another appointment to primary care clinicians’ schedules will increase their workload. We advise group sizes of 5 for a small group to 10 for a large group. Have a plan for excusing excluded participants or removing their data afterward.
Technology or videoconferencing software	Flexible teleconferencing means some people can dial in (facilitator). Too many dial-in users or users with no camera or disabled cameras make it difficult to read the room, that is, assess nonverbal communication (barrier).	Use videoconferencing software with a breakout room feature. Explicitly encourage participation via video if participants are able to do so. Collaborative editing tools (eg, a digital whiteboard) should be integrated in the videoconferencing software. Games using these tools can foster interactive creation of solutions (eg, semantic environment [23]). Audio and video recording sessions; ensure software allows recording of breakout rooms in addition to the primary room.
Facilitation	Participants prompted or self-identified as experts or as having more experience to weigh in more at different points of the workshop (facilitator).	Assign at least three people to facilitate the session (moderator, notetaker, and technical facilitator).
Time and activities	Established relationship among participants that allowed us to save time on introductions (facilitator).	Allocate time in the co-design workshop to describe and confirm the problem only (the problem identification portion has potential to run long. Use other methods to define the problem before the co-design workshop). Participant and team debriefs are essential. Allow time for participants to evaluate the session (present participants with a short web-based survey or at least a rating scale with a section for free-text comments.
Data collection	More difficult to engage participants in completing workbooks or other tasks in online meetings (barrier).	Electronic workbooks can be used as a data collection tool. Collect workbooks before the end of the session whether they are finished or not. Most likely, participants will not have time to edit before or after the session. If they leave with the file, do not expect it to be sent later. Save the chat text, as it is a great source for data analysis.