TABLE 1.
Breast cancer genes that are hypermethylated.
| Genes | Function |
|---|---|
| BRCA1 Wu et al. (2010) | DNA damage repair |
| APC Saelee and Pongtheerat, (2020) | Catenin, cell proliferation, migration, and adhesion inhibitor |
| GSTP1 Kanwal et al. (2014) | Prevention of oxidative DNA damage by conjugation to glutathione |
| Cyclin D2 Evron et al. (2001) | Regulators of CDK kinases |
| PTEN Ramadan and Hashmin, (2021) | Regulating the AKT/PBK signalling pathway negatively |
| p16 INK4α Hui et al. (2000) | Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor |
| RASSF1A Li et al. (2019) | Ras effector homologue, cell cycle arrest |
| RARβ Wang et al. (2020) | Retinoic acid receptor |
| ZMYND10 Wang et al. (2019) | Inhibitor of cancer cell colony formation |