FIGURE 5.

DJ‐1 has a modest impact on cellular concentrations of irreversible glycation products in neurons. In all panels, isotope‐dilution mass spectrometry was used to obtain relative concentrations of modified versus unmodified dG, G, or Lys. Replicate independent culture sample is shown as a circle with standard error of the mean shown in error bars (n = 4–9 independent cultures as indicated). Two‐way ANOVA with multiple comparisons was used for statistical analysis with Tukey's honest significant post hoc test for individual comparisons with p‐values indicated. Detailed two‐way ANOVA values are shown in Tables S3–S5. Small but consistent elevations in glycated products were observed in (a) shRNA knockdown of DJ‐1 in immortalized M17 neuroblastoma, (b) iPSC‐derived neurons derived from wild‐type (WT) cells and cell bearing a DJ‐1 missense mutation that eliminates protein (DJ‐1 p.Ala111Leufs*7), and (c) primary neurons from WT and DJ‐1^−/− mice. Each replicate's independent culture sample is shown as a circle with standard error of the mean shown in error bars (n = 4–9 independent cultures as indicated).