FIGURE 6.

Chemical reduction in cellular glutathione enhances the glycation burden of DJ‐1 knockdown M17 cells. In all panels, isotope‐dilution mass spectrometry was used to obtain relative concentrations of modified versus unmodified dG, G, or Lys in cultured M17 neuroblastoma cells. Two‐way ANOVA with multiple comparisons was used for statistical analysis with Tukey's honest significant post hoc test for individual comparisons with p‐values indicated. Detailed two‐way ANOVA values are shown in Tables S6–S8. BSO was used to reduce cellular levels of GSH, which is a co‐substrate for the dominant glyoxalase Glo1. Administration of BSO enhances the effect of DJ‐1 deficiency on CEdG (a), CEG (b), and CEL (c) levels. Replicate independent culture sample is shown as a circle with standard error of the mean shown in error bars (n = 4 independent cultures per cell line and treatment).