Figure 3.

NPS‐2143 protects human primary keratinocytes from UV‐induced DNA damage at both 1.0 and 2.0 mm Ca²⁺ _o. (a) CPD and (c) 8‐OHdG by immunohistochemistry and image analysis at 3 h post UV with treatments as indicated. NPS‐2143 concentration was 500 nm and that of 1,25(OH)₂D₃ was 1 nm. Data were shown as mean ± SEM (n = 9). ****P < 0.0001, ***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01 and *P < 0.05, n.s., not significant when compared with UV + vehicle. n.s. (with bar) not significantly different from one another. ####, P < 0.0001 significantly different from UV + vehicle. Photomicrographs of (b) CPD and (d) 8‐OHdG. Black arrows point to the dark brown staining in nuclei indicating the presence of CPD or 8‐OHdG. Scale bar = 100 μm.