TABLE 2.
Dispensing prevalence by WHO ATC therapeutic subgroup, restricted to subgroups with an average yearly prevalence ≥1 per 1000 children, 2013–17
| Therapeutic subgroup | Most common examples of medicines in subgroup | Average yearly prevalence per 1000 children | Prescribed by specialist, % | Dispensings per child in first year of observed use a | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <1 | 1–5 | 6–11 | 12–17 | All (0–17) | Two or more, % | Mean | |||
| A—alimentary tract | |||||||||
| A01—stomatological preparations | nystatin, amphotericin B | 13.0 | 2.8 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 15.2 | 1.2 |
| A02—acid‐related disorders | omeprazole, esomeprazole | 47.2 | 4.9 | 8.0 | 19.3 | 13.1 | 18.0 | 35.8 | 2.2 |
| A03—functional gastrointestinal disorders | metoclopramide, domperidone | 0.3 | 0.4 | 1.6 | 12.5 | 4.7 | 4.1 | 11.6 | 1.2 |
| A04—antiemetics and antinauseants | ondansetron, prochlorperazine b | 3.6 | 12.8 | 9.5 | 9.9 | 10.4 | 4.0 | 10.7 | 1.2 |
| A06—constipation | macrogol, lactulose | 2.7 | 3.3 | 3.7 | 3.1 | 3.4 | 23.1 | 28.2 | 2.0 |
| A07—antidiarrheals, intestinal anti‐inflammatory/anti‐infective agents | mesalazine, electrolytes | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 3.3 | 1.9 | 16.3 | 16.9 | 1.6 |
| A10—diabetes | insulin aspart, metformin | 0.1 | 0.6 | 2.0 | 5.8 | 2.7 | 43.7 | 84.7 | 4.4 |
| B—blood | |||||||||
| B03—antianaemic preparations | ferrous sulphate, ferrous fumarate | 3.4 | 3.9 | 1.8 | 5.4 | 3.7 | 16.4 | 26.9 | 1.5 |
| C—cardiovascular system | |||||||||
| C01—cardiac Therapy | epinephrine, flecainide | 2.7 | 9.9 | 13.2 | 9.6 | 10.8 | 21.7 | 33.8 | 1.4 |
| C02—antihypertensives | clonidine, prazosin | 0.1 | 1.4 | 6.4 | 5.0 | 4.2 | 64.5 | 72.6 | 3.9 |
| C07—beta‐blocking agents | propranolol, atenolol | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 2.8 | 1.3 | 30.9 | 49.0 | 3.0 |
| D—dermatologicals | |||||||||
| D01—antifungals for dermatological use | griseofulvin, terbinafine | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 7.6 | 30.0 | 1.5 |
| D06—antibiotics and chemotherapeutics for dermatological use | silver sulfadiazine | 1.1 | 1.6 | 1.2 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 4.4 | 1.1 |
| D07—corticosteroids, dermatological preparations | hydrocortisone acetate, methylpredinosolone | 131.4 | 88.4 | 53.3 | 51.0 | 68.8 | 7.4 | 29.3 | 1.6 |
| D10—antiacne preparations | isoretinoin, adapalene + benzoyl peroxide | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 34.7 | 11.5 | 47.4 | 59.5 | 3.0 |
| D11—other dermatological preparations | pimecrolimus | 9.0 | 3.8 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 2.8 | 13.5 | 24.5 | 1.3 |
| G—genitourinary system and sex hormones | |||||||||
| G03—sex hormones and modulators of the genital system | levonorgestrel + ethinylestradiol, etonogestrel | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 65.5 | 21.5 | 4.5 | 71.5 | 2.8 |
| H—systemic hormones | |||||||||
| H01—pituitary and hypothalamic hormones and analogues | desmopressin, somatropin | 0.1 | 0.2 | 4.9 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 29.5 | 72.5 | 4.5 |
| H02—systemic corticosteroids | prednisolone sodium phosphate, prednisolone | 134.2 | 164.1 | 73.3 | 33.4 | 92.7 | 3.6 | 32.4 | 1.6 |
| H03—thyroid therapy | levothyroxine, carbimaxole | 0.8 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 2.6 | 1.5 | 40.2 | 74.5 | 2.5 |
| H04—pancreatic hormones | glucagon hydrochloride | 0.1 | 0.3 | 1.1 | 2.1 | 1.2 | 49.5 | 49.1 | 1.7 |
| J—systemic anti‐infectives | |||||||||
| J01—systemic antibacterials | amoxicillin, cephalexin | 440.2 | 546.9 | 369.7 | 367.4 | 435.3 | 2.6 | 63.3 | 2.7 |
| J05—systemic antivirals | acyclovir, famciclovir | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 2.5 | 1.1 | 7.3 | 15.7 | 1.5 |
| M—Musculoskeletal system | |||||||||
| M01—anti‐inflammatory and antirheumatic products | ibuprofen, mefenamic acid | 0.1 | 0.6 | 1.8 | 27.9 | 9.8 | 18.2 | 20.3 | 1.4 |
| N—nervous system | |||||||||
| N02—analgesics | paracetamol + codeine, paracetamol | 5.7 | 8.6 | 8.9 | 42.8 | 19.8 | 24.0 | 27.4 | 1.6 |
| N03—antiepileptics | valproate, lamotrigine | 1.2 | 2.3 | 4.2 | 6.7 | 4.4 | 43.4 | 83.7 | 8.8 |
| N05—psycholeptics | risperidone, quetiapine | 0.2 | 0.9 | 4.8 | 12.8 | 6.1 | 44.4 | 54.0 | 4.0 |
| N06—psychoanaleptics | methylphenidate, fluoxetine | 0.2 | 2.6 | 31.7 | 60.1 | 31.2 | 60.8 | 85.6 | 7.4 |
| P—antiparasitics | |||||||||
| P03—ectoparasiticides | permethrin | 2.4 | 3.1 | 3.0 | 3.8 | 3.4 | 1.6 | 37.9 | 1.5 |
| R—respiratory system | |||||||||
| R03—obstructive airway diseases | salbutamol, fluticasone propionate | 42.2 | 109.0 | 97.6 | 69.0 | 91.2 | 4.8 | 48.1 | 2.6 |
| S—sensory organs | |||||||||
| S01—ophthalmologicals | chloramphenicol, fluorometholone | 82.3 | 48.9 | 21.0 | 17.3 | 32.4 | 8.3 | 21.7 | 1.4 |
| S02—otologicals | framycetin sulphate + gramicidin + dexamethasone | 22.4 | 34.9 | 36.0 | 25.5 | 32.4 | 3.2 | 17.8 | 1.2 |
| S03—ophthalmological and otological preparations | framycetin sulphate | 9.6 | 5.4 | 2.2 | 1.4 | 3.4 | 2.5 | 9.5 | 1.1 |
Abbreviation: WHO ATC, World Health Organisation Anatomical Therapeutic Classification.
a
Among children with a first observed dispensing in 2013–2016 only,
b
the PBS classifies prochlorperazine as an antiemetic (not antipsychotic).