Table 2.

Changes in the eating habits of diabetic patients during COVID-19 lockdown and social distancing.

First author (Year)	Number of meals/day	Amount of meals/day	Changing in the timing of meals	Cooking at home	Takeout	Eating out	Drinking alcohol
Khare and Jindal (2020)	60.14% increase	68.53% increase	60.14% irregular during lockdown	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
Sankar et al. (2020)	N.A.	N.A.	11.8% irregular during lockdown	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
Olickal et al. (2020)	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	100% decrease in Urban area 62.06% decrease in Rural area
Ghosh et al. (2020)	N.A.	44% decrease 56% no change	42% delayed 13% early 45% no change during lockdown	97% used home -cooked meals	3% used takeout	N.A.	N.A.
Khader et al. (2020)	N.A.	46.88% increase 39.53% no change 13.57% decrease	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
Khare and Jindal (2020)	35.5% increase 19.2% decrease 45.3% no change	30.3% increase 21.8% decrease 47.9% no change	51.1% early 23.2% delayed 25.7% no change during lockdown	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
Ruiz-Roso et al. (2020)	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
Caruso et al., 2021	22.91% increase 4.16% decrease 72.91% no change	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
Capaldo et al. (2020)	N.A.	42% increase 9% decrease 49% no change	26% regular 22% irregular 52% no change during lockdown	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
Grabia et al. (2020)	11.9% increase	N.A.	N.A.	65% started to cook at home during lockdown	10% increase 26% decrease	N.A.	N.A.
Munekawa et al. (2020)	N.A.	24.53% increase	N.A.	N.A.	17.34% increase	N.A.	N.A.
Kishimoto et al. (2021)	N.A.	13.09% increase	2.97% irregular during lockdown	22.61% increase	7.14% increase	N.A.	12.5% increase 20.83% decrease
Takahara et al. (2022)	N.A.	8.3% decrease 7.7% increase	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	91.2% decrease	N.A.
Maruo et al. (2022)	N.A.	13% increase 11.8% decrease	15.2% regular, 7.5% irregular during lockdown	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	10.1% increase 24.9% decrease
Tanaka et al. (2021)	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	25.8% increase 13.1% decrease 36.2% no change 24.9% not applicable	2.2% increase 55.8% decrease 19.4% no change 22.6% not applicable	8.7% increase 12.3% decrease 29.5% no change 49.5% not applicable
Sisman et al. (2021)	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	6.6% stop drinking alcohol
Tiwari et al. (2021)	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
Verma et al. (2021)	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
Vetrani et al. (2021)	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	40% decrease
Amataiti et al. (2021)	9.37% increase in eating breakfast daily	N.A.	N.A.	42.42% increase	33.33% decrease	55% decrease	N.A.
Carvalhal et al. (2021)	50.4% increase	61.2% increase	N.A.	50.9% increase	46% decrease	N.A.	N.A.
Hansel et al. (2021)	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	Normal BMI group: 11.7% decrease, 75.8% no change, 12.5% increase high BMI group: 11.6% decrease, 80.8% no change, 7.6% increase

N.A., not available; BMI, body mass index.