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. 2022 Apr 7;97(4):1640–1676. doi: 10.1111/brv.12856

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© 2022 The Authors. Biological Reviews published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Cambridge Philosophical Society.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Fig. 11 — The influence of inaccurate fibre length measurements on simulations of vertical jumping. (A) Musculoskeletal modelling for vertical jumping. (B–F) Muscle fibre lengths and forces of the gluteus maximus (mid portion) (B), adductor magnus (hamstring part) (C), vastus lateralis (D), tibialis anterior (E) and soleus (F) predicted by static optimisation simulations of jumping in models informed by the full mean value (Model^mean, mid‐tone line), median value (Model^median; mid‐tone dashed line), and the maximum (Model^max5; darkest line) and minimum (Model^min5; palest line) possible values from random subsamples of 5 fibres. The root mean squared errors (RMSEs) of these variables relative to Model_median are shown expressed as a percentage of the maximum Model_median value.