TABLE 3.

DASH score; motion ranges of arm joints; and pain, tightness, heaviness and hardness verbally reported on a numeric scale

Outcome (units)	CPT + IPC	KT	CPT + IPC minus KT
	Post‐intervention minus baseline	Post‐intervention minus baseline
	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)
	P value	P value	P value
DASH (0–100)	8.4 (24.7)	−5.9 (16.6)	14.3 (27.8)
	P = 0.031 a	P = 0.026 a	P = 0.002 a
Flexion of shoulder (degrees)	1.7 (10.7)	−3.9 (13.4)	5.6 (20.0)
	P = 0.276 b	P = 0.054 b	P = 0.049 c
Extension of shoulder (degrees)	2.2 (8.5)	−2.8 (6.0)	5.0 (9.5)
	P = 0.088 b	P = 0.004 b	P = 0.001 c
Abduction of shoulder (degrees)	8.8 (23.8)	−2.5 (18.4)	11.4 (30.7)
	P = 0.015 b	P = 0.562 b	P = 0.024 c
Flexion of elbow (degrees)	−0.7 (12.5)	1.5 (5.4)	−2.1 (13.2)
	P = 0.444 b	P = 0.035 b	P = 0.408 c
Extension of elbow (degrees)	2.9 (9.3)	2.2 (11.2)	0.7 (12.5)
	P = 0.221 b	P = 0.264 b	P = 0.623 c
Flexion of wrist (degrees)	−1.7 (8.2)	0.4 (5.6)	−2.1 (11.3)
	P = 0.228 b	P = 0.609 b	P = 0.378 c
Extension of wrist (degrees)	0.6 (8.1)	0.0 (6.0)	0.7 (10.1)
	P = 0.910 b	P = 0.865 b	P = 0.910 c
Pain (0–5)	0.1 (1.3)	−0.3 (1.1)	0.5 (1.5)
	P = 0.723 b	P = 0.065 b	P = 0.035 c
Tightness (0–5)	−0.1 (1.1)	−0.5 (1.0)	0.4 (1.6)
	P = 0.264 b	P = 0.001 b	P = 0.103 c
Hardness (0–5)	−0.3 (1.1)	−0.3 (1.1)	0.0 (1.3)
	P = 0.027 b	P = 0.047 b	P = 0.978 c
Heaviness (0–5)	−0.3 (1.4)	−0.6 (1.1)	0.3 (1.8)
	P = 0.227 b	P = 0.002 b	P = 0.237 c

Note: Values in bold represent statistically significant differences (P < 0.05).

Abbreviations: CPT, complex physical therapy; DASH, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand; IPC, intermittent pneumatic compression; KT, Kinesio taping.

^a Student's t test for DASH scores.

^b Wilcoxon signed‐rank test for within‐group comparison.

^c Wilcoxon signed‐rank test for between‐group comparison.