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. 2022 Sep 20;10:1018399. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1018399

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Copyright © 2022 Selvavinayagam, Yong, Joseph, Hemashree, Tan, Zhang, Rajeshkumar, Kumaresan, Kalpana, Kalaivani, Monika, Suvaithenamudhan, Kannan, Murugesan, Narayanasamy, Palani, Larsson, Shankar and Raju.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Comorbidities observed in the patient cohort. (A) Frequencies of comorbidities reported in the cohort. (B) Percentages of each comorbidities and in combinations. Footnotes: Nil, patients with no comorbid conditions; DM, diabetes mellitus; HTN, hypertension; CVD, cardiovascular disease (includes coronary artery disease, ischemic heart disease); CVA, cerebrovascular accident (stroke); RD, rheumatic disease (includes rheumatic arthritis, rheumatic heart disease); COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CLD, chronic liver disease; others, includes hypothyroidism, (n = 7), malignancies (n = 4), pulmonary tuberculosis (n = 4), Parkinson's disease (n = 3), seizure disorder (n = 2), anemia (n = 3); psychiatric disorders (n = 2), and biliary atresia (n = 1).