Table 1.
Patient clinico-demographic characteristics to study the effect of COVID-19 vaccination on Delta and Omicron nasopharyngeal viral loads.
| Characteristic | Total (N = 287) | SARS-CoV-2 variants | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delta B.1.617.2 | Omicron BA.1 | Omicron BA.1.1 | Omicron BA.2 | P-value† | ||
| Number, n (%) | 287 | 9 (3.1) | 50 (17.4) | 165 (57.5) | 63 (21.9) | – |
| Age; years, median (IQR) | 73 (64–80) | 75 (63–80.5) | 71 (59.5–76) | 73 (65–81) | 72 (65–80) | 0.353 |
| Gender; male, n (%) | 179 (68.6) | 4 (44.4) | 36 (72) | 110 (66.7) | 47 (74.6) | 0.256 |
| Viral load, Log10 copies ml−1 | 5.8 (4.5–6.4) | 4.5 (4.2–5.5) | 4.7 (3.6–5.8) | 6.1 (4.8–6.7) | 5.8 (4.8–6.7) | <0.0001a |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | 225 (78.4) | 8 (88.9) | 35 (70) | 132 (80) | 50 (79.4) | 0.399 |
| Vaccination; Yes, n (%) | 137 (47.7) | 3 (33.3) | 29 (58) | 71 (43) | 34 (54) | 0.151 |
| Type of vaccine; n (%) | ||||||
| AZD1222 | 86 (30) | 2 (22.2) | 16 (32) | 49 (29.7) | 19 (30.2) | 0.348 |
| BBV152 | 51 (17.1) | 1 (11.1) | 12 (24) | 24 (14.5) | 14 (22.2) | 0.255 |
| No. of vaccine doses; n (%) | ||||||
| 1 dose | 24 (8.4) | 1 (11.1) | 5 (10) | 13 (7.9) | 5 (7.9) | 0.524 |
| 2 doses | 113 (39.4) | 2 (22.2) | 23 (46) | 58 (35.2) | 30 (47.6) | 0.543 |
| Severity; n (%) | ||||||
| Asymptomatic | 18 (6.3) | 1 (11.1) | 4 (8) | 9 (5.5) | 4 (6.3) | 0.849 |
| Mild | 87 (30.3) | 2 (22.2) | 19 (38) | 51 (30.9) | 15 (23.8) | 0.397 |
| Moderate | 136 (47.4) | 5 (55.6) | 22 (4.4) | 83 (50.3) | 26 (41.3) | 0.577 |
| Severe | 46 (16) | 1 (11.1) | 5 (10) | 22 (13.3) | 18 (28.6) | 0.021* |
| Medical support; n (%) | ||||||
| Hospitalization | 285 (99.3) | 9 (100) | 50 (100) | 164 (99.4) | 62 (98.4) | 0.764 |
| HDU/ICU | 122 (42.5) | 4 (44.4) | 25 (50) | 76 (46.1) | 15 (23.8) | 0.021* |
| O2 support | 120 (41.8) | 4 (44.4) | 25 (50) | 77 (46.7) | 16 (25.4) | 0.021* |
| Ventilator | 34 (11.8) | 2 (22.2) | 9 (18) | 20 (12.1) | 3 (4.8) | 0.123 |
| Death; n (%) | 237 (82.6) | 8 (88.9) | 31 (62) | 140 (84.8) | 58 (92.1) | <0.0001**** |
| Day to death; day, median (IQR) | 3 (1–6) | 5.5 (2.5–15.3) | 3 (2–6) | 3 (1–6) | 4 (2–6.3) | 0.163 |
All data reported as numbers (n) and percentages (%) unless specified. HDU, High dependency unit; IQR, interquartile range; ICU, intensive care unit; O2, Oxygen. *, **, ***, **** represent P <0.05, <0.01, <0.001 and <0.0001, respectively.
†
represent comparisons was made between different variants of SARS-CoV-2.