TABLE 1.
Robotic system | Spectrum of applications | Features | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Space occupied in the surgical room: | Accessibility to the patient in case of need | Effective and intuitive representation of the surgery scenario to the surgeon | Modularity and reconfiguration of the system | Surgical tools miniaturiz. | Haptic/force feedback | Certification | On the market | ||
L = large, M = medium, S = small | G = good, M = medium, L = limited | VG = very good, G = good, F = fair | G = good, M = medium, L = limited | S = standard, A = advanced | Y = yes, N = no | Y = yes, N = no | Y = yes, N = no | ||
Zeus™ | Thoracic, | L | L | F | L | S | N | Y | N |
da Vinci® | Thoracic, urologic | L | L | VG | M | A | Under study | Y | Y |
M7 | Thoracic | S | G | G | L | S | Y | N | N |
Raven IV | Thoracic | S | L | G | G | S | N | N | N |
PMAR | Thoracic | S | L | G | L | S | N | N | N |
Mirosurge | Thoracic | S | M | G | G | A | Y | N | N |
MSR‐5000 REVO‐I | Thoracic urology | L | L | G | L | S | Y | Y | Y |
ALF‐X | Thoracic, urology, gynaecol. | L | L | G | G | A | Y | Y | Y |
Hugo | Urologic, gynaecol. | S | G | VG | M | A | Y | Y | Y |
Versius | Thoracic, urologic, gynaecol. | S | M | G | G | A | Y | Y | Y |
Ottava | Thoracic | S | M | G | G | S | ‐ | N | N |
Bitrack | Thoracic, urology, gynaecol., | L | L | G | M | S | Y | N | N |
Enos | Urology, gynaecol. | S | G | G | M | S | N | Expected in 2022 | |
Hintori | Thoracic, urologic | L | L | VG | M | A | N | Y | Y |
Symani | Open surgery | M | M | G | L | A | N | Y | Y |
Avatera | Thoracic, urologic, gynaecol. | L | L | VG | M | A | Y | Y | Y |
MrBot | Urologic | S | M | G | L | S | N | N | N |
Acubot | Urologic | S | M | G | L | S | N | Y | Y |
Flex | Transoral, urologic | S | G | G | M | S | N | Y | Y |
Mazor X | Spine, brain | S | G | VG | M | ‐ | N | Y | Y |
Sensei catheter | Endovasc. | S | G | VG | M | A | Y | Y | Y |
GRX catheter | Endovasc. | S | G | G | M | A | Y | Y | Y |
Aeon | Endovasc., cardiac | L | M | VG | L | A | N | Y | Y |
Viky endosc. | Thoracic, urologic, gynaecol., | S | G | G | L | S | N | Y | Y |
Ares endosc. | Transoral | M | M | G | L | S | Y | Y | Y |