Table 1.
Idiopathic (Isolated OF) | Demyelination |
Paraneoplastic | Multiple sclerosis |
Lung | MOG antibody-associated demyelination (MOGAD)[1] |
Breast | |
Neuroblastoma | Metabolic |
Autoimmune | Hyperosmolar nonketotic coma |
NMDA | |
GAD 65 | Toxic |
Ganglioside anti-GQ1b antibodies | Serotonin syndrome[2] |
Cocaine | |
Ganglioside anti-GM2 antibodies | Cyclosporin A (CsA) therapy[3] |
Para/post-infectious | Toluene |
COVID-19 | Phenytoin |
HIV infection | Venlafaxine |
Amphetamine use | |
M.pneumonia | |
Cytomegalovirus | PCP (Phencyclidine) |
Scrub typhus | Miscellaneous |
Cerebral venous thrombosis.[4] | |
Traumatic brain injury[5] | |
Human herpesvirus 6 | |
Hepatitis C | |
Epstein-Barr virus | |
West Nile virus | Genetic causes; mutation in the potassium channel-related gene, KCTD7.[6] |
Lyme disease | |
Psittacosis | |
Salmonella | |
St Louis encephalitis | |
Rickettsia conorii. |