Table 1.
Descriptive statistics for the Preemie Tots sample
| Baseline |
Final visit |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment (n = 14) | Placebo (n = 13) | Treatment (n = 12) | Placebo (n = 12) | |
| Gestational weeks | 26.5 (1.7) | 26.9 (1.7) | ||
| Corrected age (months) | 30.8 (5.9) | 29.6 (6.2) | 33.9 (6.5) | 32.4 (6.1) |
| Weight (lbs) | 12.9 (2.5)a | 12.0 (2.3)a | 13.4 (2.8)b | 12.4 (2.2)b |
| Height (cm) | 88.3 (7.0)a | 85.2 (7.0)a | 91.1 (7.8)b | 88.9 (7.5)b |
| Family monthly income | ||||
| <$1667 | 38.5% (5) | 10.0% (1) | ||
| $1667–$2917 | 23.1% (3) | 20.0% (2) | ||
| $2917–$3378 | 7.7% (1) | 20.0% (2) | ||
| >$3378 | 30.8% (4) | 50.0% (5) | ||
| Maternal education | ||||
| <A.S. degree | 57.1% (8) | 69.2% (9) | ||
| A.S. degree or beyond | 42.9% (6) | 30.8% (4) | ||
| Female | 38.5% (5) | 10.0% (1) | ||
| Ever breastfed | 92.3% (12) | 90.0% (9) | ||
| Participant diagnosed with ASD | 7.7% (1) | 30.0% (3) | ||
| Sibling diagnosed with ASD | 15.4% (2) | 0 | 23.1% (3)^ | |
| BITSEA ASD score | 7.1 (3.7)c | 6.5 (4.1)c | 5.3 (2.6)d | 7.5 (3.3)c |
| PDDST score | 6.79 (2.2) | 5.2 (2.5) | 6.0 (2.6) | 5.4 (2.7) |
| VABS play | 17.7 (8.8) | 19.8 (11.9) | 22.8 (8.3) | 25.0 (6.7) |
| VABS relate | 28.7 (10.7)a | 28.9 (10.0)a | 40.1 (9.4)b | 23.8 (11.7)a |
| DHA (% mmol) | 4.9 (1.1)c | 5.1 (1.2)c | 6.6 (1.1)d | 5.6 (1.0)c |
| EPA (% mmol) | 0.7 (0.4)c | 0.9 (0.5)c | 1.6 (0.4)d | 0.9 (0.5)c |
| ARA (% mmol) | 16.8 (1.4)c | 16.1 (1.6)c | 15.7 (1.7)d | 16.4 (1.0)c |
| Omega-3 (% mmol) | 7.3 (1.0)c | 8.0 (1.3)c | 9.6 (1.1)c | 8.2 (0.8)c |
| Omega-6 (% mmol) | 42.8 (5.9) | 51.5 (22.7) | 42.7 (5.8) | 42.4 (4.8) |
| Omega-6/Omega-3 Ratio^* | 6.1 (1.4)a | 6.6 (3.0)a | 4.5 (0.9)b | 5.1 (0.8)b |
Different letters in a row signify significant differences (p < 0.05)
ASD autism spectrum disorder, BITSEA brief infant toddler social emotional assessment, PDDST pervasive developmental disorders screening test-II, VABS Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, DHA docosahexaenoic acid, EPA eicosapentaenoic acid, ARA arachidonic acid
a,b
Significant difference from the baseline to final study visits
c,d
Significant difference between treatment groups
^
One child had a sibling diagnosed with ASD between the baseline and final study visits