TABLE 2.

Short‐ and long‐term outcomes in metabolic ratios within groups

Metabolic ratio	RYGB					Diet
	W0‐W3	W0‐W9	W0‐Y2	W3‐W9	W9‐Y2	W0‐W3	W0‐W9	W0‐Y2	W3‐W9	W9‐Y2
Paraxanthine/caffeine (CYP1A2)	0.02 (−0.02, 0.07) n = 39	0.02 (−0.03, 0.06) n = 36	0.09 (0.03, 0.14) n = 31	−0.00 (−0.05, 0.04) n = 36	0.07 (0.01, 0.13) n = 31	0.03 (−0.02, 0.08) n = 41	0.06 (0.01, 0.11) n = 39	0.06 (0.01, 0.12) n = 30	0.03 (−0.02, 0.09) n = 39	−0.00 (−0.06, 0.06) n = 30
5‐OH‐omeprazole/omeprazole (CYP2C19) a	0.39 (0.09, 0.69) n = 36	0.79 (0.32, 1.3) n = 34	0.57 (0.18, 0.96) n = 28	0.39 (0.02, 0.77) n = 34	−0.22 (−0.59, 0.16) n = 29	0.33 (0.10, 0.57) n = 39	0.43 (0.16, 0.70) n = 38	0.08 (−0.09, 0.25) n = 30	0.09 (−0.13, 0.32) n = 37	−0.35 (−0.61, −0.08) n = 30
Losartan/LCA (CYP2C9) b	−0.46 (−0.82, −0.09) n = 38	−0.55 (−0.91, −0.19) n = 36	−0.69 (−1.1, −0.33) n = 33	−0.10 (−0.40, 0.20) n = 36	−0.14 (−0.43, 0.15) n = 32	−0.12 (−0.39, 0.15) n = 40	−0.12 (−0.39, 0.16) n = 38	−0.23 (−0.52, −0.06) n = 29	0.00 (−0.26, 0.27) n = 39	−0.11 (−0.39, 0.17) n = 30

Note: Data are presented as model estimated mean change (95% CI) between the different study visits in the RYGB group and diet group, respectively. Bold values show statistically significant differences (P < .05). Linear mixed‐effects models, with a log‐transformed dependent variable, were used to estimate mean difference in change. Not all included patients were able to supply metabolic ratios at all four study visits (RYGB = 4, diet = 1) due to technical difficulties.

Abbreviations: CYP, cytochrome P450; LCA, losartan carboxylic acid; RYGB, Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass; W, week; Y, year.

^a Patients with genotype CYP2C19 *2/*2 or *2/*4 were excluded from the analysis.

^b One losartan/LCA ratio was excluded from week 0 due to analytical technicalities (diet group).