. 2022 Jul 5;146(3):304–317. doi: 10.1111/ane.13667

TABLE 3.

Motor measurement values of upper limbs motility in healthy control subjects and in PD patients

Movement	Motor parameter	Group	Right							Left
Movement	Motor parameter	Group	N	Mean	SD	Min.	Max.	Effect size (d)	p (adjusted)	N	Mean	SD	Min.	Max.	Effect size (d)	p (adjusted)
Thumb‐forefinger tapping (THFF)	TF_Taps	C	50	45.4	7.5	29.0	58.5	1.2 ^a	<.00001^*	50	43.8	6.9	30.5	55.0	1.5 ^a	<.00001^*
	TF_Taps	P	54	32.9	12.4	8.5	57.5	1.2 ^a	<.00001^*	51	29.7	11.0	12.0	55.5	1.5 ^a	<.00001^*
	TF_wc	C	50	165.0	83.4	40.3	353.1	0.3	.2410	50	197.8	86.0	75.4	396.3	0.6	.0109^*
	TF_wc	P	54	141.6	98.4	26.1	439.1	0.3	.2410	51	146.0	96.5	14.9	374.1	0.6	.0109^*
	TF_wo	C	50	137.4	70.6	33.5	303.5	0.2	.4428	50	165.2	72.0	59.3	315.3	0.5	.0359^*
	TF_wo	P	54	124.3	83.3	25.2	373.2	0.2	.4428	51	129.6	79.9	19.5	303.4	0.5	.0359^*
	TF_IAV	C	50	134.2	18.2	106.6	183.6	0.9 ^a	.00003^*	50	153.4	24.1	119.0	216.9	1.2 ^a	<.00001^*
	TF_IAV	P	54	116.8	19.6	86.1	182.1	0.9 ^a	.00003^*	51	124.1	25.5	95.8	198.3	1.2 ^a	<.00001^*
Thumb‐middle finger tapping (THMF)	TM_Taps	C	49	46.1	7.2	31.0	60.0	1.2 ^a	<.00001^*	49	43.5	6.6	32.5	54.5	1.3 ^a	<.00001^*
	TM_Taps	P	52	34.4	11.4	13.5	56.0	1.2 ^a	<.00001^*	52	31.7	11.1	11.5	56.0	1.3 ^a	<.00001^*
	TM_wc	C	49	147.6	71.1	38.1	323.9	0.4	.921	49	186.3	80.5	56.9	397.5	0.7	.0014^*
	TM_wc	P	52	121.2	72.5	30.8	391.8	0.4	.921	52	128.2	86.0	25.9	368.3	0.7	.0014^*
	TM_wo	C	49	177.9	85.1	43.8	392.5	0.5	.0346^*	49	224.2	95.8	73.6	480.9	0.8 ^b	.0003^*
	TM_wo	P	52	138.3	86.4	17.3	473.3	0.5	.0346^*	52	145.6	102.8	29.0	438.6	0.8 ^b	.0003^*
	TM_IAV	C	49	150.8	21.9	101.5	203.5	1.2 ^a	<.00001^*	49	154.3	26.1	103.7	210.0	1.2 ^a	<.00001^*
	TM_IAV	P	52	120.3	26.6	92.2	200.1	1.2 ^a	<.00001^*	52	122.5	27.8	96.8	197.2	1.2 ^a	<.00001^*
Forefinger tapping (FTAP)	FF_wo	C	49	97.2	43.4	12.6	226.5	1.4 ^a	<.00001^*	50	117.3	43.7	46.3	226.2	1.0 ^a	.0007^*
	FF_wo	P	26	45.4	23.2	16.8	131.6	1.4 ^a	<.00001^*	26	73.4	48.6	26.2	216.7	1.0 ^a	.0007^*
	FF_wc	C	49	116.5	52.0	2.3	262.8	1.4 ^a	<.00001^*	50	139.3	51.5	50.3	266.7	1.0 ^a	.0007^*
	FF_wc	P	26	53.3	29.3	11.2	157.5	1.4 ^a	<.00001^*	26	85.3	60.1	27.1	260.9	1.0 ^a	.0007^*
	FF_Exc	C	49	14.0	7.2	2.2	34.1	1.1 ^b	.00002^*	50	18.0	8.1	6.1	38.3	0.7	.0075^*
	FF_Exc	P	26	7.1	4.2	1.6	18.8	1.1 ^b	.00002^*	26	11.9	8.5	3.2	39.3	0.7	.0075^*
Hand opening/closing (OPCL)	OC_Taps	C	50	35.7	6.9	24.5	56.0	1.3 ^a	<.00001^*	50	33.6	6.5	16.5	53.5	1.1 ^a	<.00001^*
	OC_Taps	P	53	24.0	10.6	6.5	50.5	1.3 ^a	<.00001^*	52	23.6	11.6	6.0	51.0	1.1 ^a	<.00001^*
	OC_wc	C	50	555.3	159.4	146.6	920.8	0.8 ^a	.0002^*	50	611.3	157.4	229.3	928.8	0.9 ^a	.00003^*
	OC_wc	P	53	420.0	171.0	129.6	830.8	0.8 ^a	.0002^*	52	450.4	188.3	141.3	818.5	0.9 ^a	.00003^*
	OC_wo	C	50	656.3	184.8	180.2	1097.3	1.0 ^a	<.00001^*	50	715.4	185.8	285.2	1094.5	1.1 ^a	<.00001^*
	OC_wo	P	53	449.0	210.0	129.9	943.1	1.0 ^a	<.00001^*	52	473.3	235.3	146.2	967.9	1.1 ^a	<.00001^*
	OC_IAV	C	50	254.9	58.7	153.2	435.3	1.8 ^a	<.00001^*	50	263.9	60.2	148.9	391.6	1.3 ^a	<.00001^*
	OC_IAV	P	53	156.6	53.5	98.1	292.3	1.8 ^a	<.00001^*	52	172.9	73.8	104.4	372.1	1.3 ^a	<.00001^*
Forearm prono‐supination (PSUP)	PS_Taps	C	49	22.6	5.9	13.0	37.0	0.7	.0012^*	49	22.0	6.0	11.0	38.5	0.7	.0046^*
	PS_Taps	P	53	17.4	8.5	5.5	38.0	0.7	.0012^*	49	17.2	8.5	4.0	38.5	0.7	.0046^*
	PS_Exc	C	49	156.2	27.9	102.2	220.3	1.3 ^a	<.00001^*	49	154.0	33.5	59.4	245.8	1.4 ^a	<.00001^*
	PS_Exc	P	53	117.3	32.3	45.0	190.5	1.3 ^a	<.00001^*	49	109.7	30.9	41.7	181.2	1.4 ^a	<.00001^*
	PS_ws	C	49	613.1	118.8	351.6	915.1	2.0 ^a	<.00001^*	49	589.4	147.6	261.2	920.0	1.9 ^a	<.00001^*
	PS_ws	P	53	360.5	137.8	127.0	742.4	2.0 ^a	<.00001^*	49	333.1	123.5	144.1	623.4	1.9 ^a	<.00001^*
	PS_wp	C	49	688.0	144.7	381.9	1002.1	2.0 ^a	<.00001^*	49	652.4	177.7	282.8	1088.2	1.9 ^a	<.00001^*
	PS_wp	P	53	371.4	164.9	100.8	876.3	2.0 ^a	<.00001^*	49	335.9	148.0	99.1	651.2	1.9 ^a	<.00001^*
	PS_IAV	C	49	154.6	31.5	109.2	225.6	1.6 ^a	<.00001^*	49	153.85	36.1	108.9	251.9	1.5 ^a	<.00001^*
	PS_IAV	P	53	114.2	19.0	92.0	200.9	1.6 ^a	<.00001^*	49	112.9	14.24	87.2	158.6	1.5 ^a	<.00001^*

Note: Statistical significance between the two groups investigated (p adjusted) and discriminant capacity (effect size). C: control group; P: PD patients group; Effect size: Cohen d.

^{^a}

Cohen d > 0.8 bilaterally.

^{^b}

Cohen d > 0.8 unilaterally.

p < .05.

Abbreviations: PD, Parkinson's disease; SD, standard deviation.