TABLE 4.
Lower GI physiological investigations in 72 hEDS/HSD patients (cohort 2), adjusted for age
| Variable | hEDS/HSD cohort 2 | Controls | Odds ratio (95% CI) a | p‐value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 72 | n = 134 | |||
| n, (%) | n, (%) | |||
| Whole‐gut transit studies (%) | 47 (65.3) | 84 (62.7) | ||
| Delayed | 20 (42.6) | 35 (41.7) | 0.97 (0.46–2.02) | 0.930 |
| Defaecography (%) | ||||
| Functional abnormality | 23 (31.9) | 49 (36.6) | 0.56 (0.29–1.10) | 0.092 |
| Significant structural abnormality | 41 (56.9) | 89 (66.4) | 0.70 (0.39–1.28) | 0.248 |
| Intussusception | ||||
| Obstructing recto‐rectal | 6 (8.3) | 13 (9.7) | 0.72 (0.26–2.04) | 0.541 |
| Recto‐anal | 21 (29.2) | 24 (17.9) | 1.88 (0.95–3.72) | 0.071 |
| Rectocoele | ||||
| Depth ≥4 cm | 6 (8.3) | 25 (18.7) | 0.44 (0.17–1.14) | 0.089 |
| Depth 2–4 cm, symptomatic | 6 (8.3) | 35 (26.1) | 0.29 (0.11–0.74) | 0.009 |
| Enterocoele | 5 (6.9) | 9 (6.7) | 1.01 (0.32–3.18) | 0.990 |
| Megarectum | 6 (8.3) | 14/85 (16.5) | 0.54 (0.19–1.51) | 0.240 |
| Prolapse | 2 (2.8) | 1 (0.8) | 2.98 (0.26–34.83) | 0.384 |
| Functional + structural abnormality | 12 (16.7) | 23 (17.2) | 0.84 (0.38–1.84) | 0.657 |
| Rectal sensory testing (%) | ||||
| Normal rectal sensation | 39 (54.2) | 97 (72.4) | 0.48 (0.26–0.89) | 0.019 |
| Rectal hyposensitivity | 33 (45.8) | 27 (20.1) | 3.32 (1.76–6.27) | 0.0002 |
| One abnormal threshold | 7 (9.7) | 13 (9.7) | 0.99 (0.37–2.64) | 0.983 |
| Two abnormal thresholds | 15 (20.8) | 6 (4.4) | 5.95 (2.16–16.41) |
0.001 |
| Three abnormal thresholds | 11 (15.3) | 8 (6.0) | 2.65 (1.00–7.04) |
0.050 |
| Rectal hypersensitivity | 0 | 10 (7.5) | b | 0.018 |
| Anorectal manometry (%) | 70 (97.2) | 134 (100) | ||
| Normal | 36 (51.4) | 82 (61.2) | 0.66 (0.37–1.20) | 0.173 |
| Anal hypotension + normal contractility |
3 (4.3) |
7 (5.2) |
0.88 (0.22–3.57) |
0.859 |
| Anal normotension + hypocontractility |
25 (35.7) |
39 (29.1) |
1.31 (0.70–2.45) |
0.391 |
| Anal hypotension + hypocontractility | 6 (8.6) | 6 (4.5) | 2.21 (0.67–7.25) | 0.191 |
| Endoanal ultrasonography (%) | 45 (62.5) | 134 (100) | ||
| Internal anal sphincter | ||||
| Intact | 37 (82.2) | 109 (81.3) | 1.05 (0.43–2.53) | 0.922 |
| Disrupted | 3 (6.7) | 11 (8.2) | 0.81 (0.21–3.05) | 0.750 |
| Degenerate | 5 (11.1) | 10 (7.5) | 1.52 (0.49–4.76) | 0.469 |
| Abnormal, focal | 0 | 8 (6.0) | b | 0.866 |
| External anal sphincter | ||||
| Intact |
38 (84.4) |
95 (70.9) |
2.01 (0.81–5.01) |
0.133 |
| Disrupted | 5 (11.1) | 20 (13.9) | 0.80 (0.28–2.31) | 0.676 |
| Degenerate | 0 | 4 (3.0) | b | 0.241 |
| Abnormal, focal | 2 (4.4) | 16 (11.9) | 0.38 (0.08–1.74) | 0.211 |
a
Comparisons were adjusted for age, using logistic regression analysis.
b
Unable to report due to perfect separation.