Table 1.
Patient characteristics
| Variables | N | Patients with definite PVE (n = 780) |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 780 | 71 (51–91) |
| Female | 780 | 196 (25%) |
| Male | 780 | 584 (75%) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 780 | 145 (19%) |
| ESRD | 780 | 18 (2%) |
| Tumor disease treated within the last 5 years | 780 | 88 (11%) |
| IVDU | 780 | 54 (7%) |
| Early PVE | 602 | 149 (19%) |
| Late PVE | 602 | 453 (58%) |
| Localization of endocarditis | ||
| Aortic valve only | 780 | 547 (70%) |
| Mitral valve only | 780 | 123 (16%) |
| Tricuspid valve only | 780 | 17 (2%) |
| Pulmonic valve only | 780 | 9 (1%) |
| Undetermined or missing | 780 | 84 (11%) |
| Type of prosthetic valve | ||
| Biological, including TAVI | 736 | 503 (68%) |
| Mechanical | 736 | 197 (27%) |
| Repaired | 736 | 22 (3%) |
| Homograft | 736 | 11 (1%) |
| Other | 736 | 3 (0.4%) |
| Microbiology | ||
| S. aureus | 780 | 173 (22%) |
| α‐hemolytic streptococci and S. bovis | 780 | 224 (29%) |
| Enterococci | 780 | 113 (14%) |
| CoNS | 780 | 81 (10%) |
| C. acnes | 780 | 47 (6%) |
| β‐hemolytic streptococci and S. pneumoniae | 780 | 30 (4%) |
| HACEK | 780 | 25 (3%) |
| Candida | 780 | 14 (2%) |
| Corynebacterium | 780 | 13 (2%) |
| Other | 780 | 36 (5%) |
| Pathogen unknown | 780 | 24 (3%) |
| Treatment outcome | ||
| Duration of antibiotic treatment (days) | 666 | 40 (26–54) |
| Surgical intervention | 780 | 254 (33%) |
| In‐hospital mortality | 780 | 105 (14%) |
Abbreviations: CoNS, coagulase‐negative staphylococci; ESRD, end‐stage renal disease; HACEK, Haemophilus, Aggregatibacter, Cardiobacterium, Eikinella, Kingella; IVDU, intravenous drug use; PVE, prosthetic valve endocarditis; TAVI, transcatheter aortic valve implantation.