Table 2.
Patient characteristics depending on the type of prosthetic heart valve
| Variables | N | Biological and TAVI (n = 503) | Mechanical (n = 197) | p‐Value | Repaired (n = 22) | Homograft (n = 11) | Other (n = 3) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 736 | 74 (58–90) | 63 (43–83) | <0.001** | 70 (53–87) | 60 (28–92) | 54 (22–60) |
| Female | 736 | 128 (25%) | 48 (24%) | 0.8 | 10 (46%) | 1 (9%) | 2 (67%) |
| Male | 375 (75%) | 149 (76%) | 12 (55%) | 10 (91%) | 1 (33%) | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | 736 | 101 (20%) | 28 (14%) | 0.07 | 2 (9%) | 3 (27%) | 0 (0%) |
| ESRD | 736 | 13 (3%) | 5 (3%) | 1.0 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| Tumor disease treated within the last 5 years | 736 | 70 (14%) | 12 (6%) | 0.004 | 1 (5%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| IVDU | 736 | 46 (9%) | 5 (3%) | 0.002 | 2 (9%) | 1 (9%) | 0 (0%) |
| Early PVE | 585 | 111 (22%) | 21 (11%) | 0.001 | 10 (45%) | 2 (18%) | 0 (0%) |
| Late PVE | 585 | 297 (59%) | 130 (66%) | 7 (32%) | 7 (64%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Localization of endocarditis | <0.001* | ||||||
| Aortic valve | 736 | 387 (77%) | 122 (62%) | 1 (5%) | 9 (82%) | 1 (33%) | |
| Mitral valve | 736 | 48 (10%) | 47 (24%) | 17 (77%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (33%) | |
| Tricuspid valve | 736 | 14 (3%) | 2 (1%) | 1 (5%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Pulmonic valve | 736 | 6 (1%) | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (9%) | 1 (33%) | |
| Undetermined | 736 | 48 (10%) | 25 (13%) | 3 (14%) | 1 (9%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Microbiology | <0.001 | ||||||
| S. aureus | 736 | 87 (17%) | 70 (36%) | 7 (32%) | 1 (9%) | 0 (0%) | |
| α‐hemolytic streptococci and S. bovis | 736 | 164 (33%) | 37 (19%) | 6 (27%) | 3 (27%) | 1 (33%) | |
| Enterococci | 736 | 82 (16%) | 21 (11%) | 2 (9%) | 3 (27%) | 1 (33%) | |
| CoNS | 736 | 58 (12%) | 9 (5%) | 3 (14%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (33%) | |
| C. acnes | 736 | 31 (6%) | 15 (8%) | 1 (5%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| β‐hemolytic streptococci and S. pneumoniae | 736 | 15 (3%) | 12 (6%) | 2 (9%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| HACEK | 736 | 11 (2%) | 11 (6%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (18%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Candida | 736 | 11 (2%) | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (9%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Corynebacterium | 736 | 11 (2%) | 2 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Other | 736 | 18 (4%) | 13 (7%) | 1 (5%) | 1 (9%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Pathogen unknown | 736 | 15 (3%) | 6 (3%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
Abbreviations: CoNS, coagulase‐negative staphylococci; ESRD, end‐stage renal disease; HACEK, Haemophilus, Aggregatibacter, Cardiobacterium, Eikinella, Kingella; IVDU, intravenous drug use; PVE, prosthetic valve endocarditis; TAVI, transcatheter aortic valve implantation.