TABLE 2.
Baseline and follow‐up albuminuria levels of included studies
| Study | Index | GLP‐1 receptor agonist | Control | Ref. | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Follow‐up | Change | % Change | Baseline | Follow‐up | Change | % Change | |||
| Bergenstal 2010 | Log UACR (mg/g) | NR | NR | NR | −16.1 ± 19.4 | NR | NR | NR | −4.0 ± 21.6 | 24 |
| Zhang 2012 | UAE (mg/day) | 107.0 ± 71.0 | 65.0 ± 47.0 | −42.0 ± 62.6 | −39.3 ± 58.5 | 111.0 ± 74.0 | 106.0 ± 75.0 | −5.0 ± 74.5 | −4.6 ± 67.1 | 28 |
| Derosa 2013 | UAE (mg/day) | 98.2 ± 52.9 | 71.8 ± 32.6 | −26.4 ± 46.2 | −26.9 ± 47.0 | 93.6 ± 47.1 | 76.2 ± 35.4 | −17.4 ± 42.5 | −18.6 ± 45.4 | 21 |
| Davies 2015 | Log UACR (mg/mmol) | 1.0 ± 1.6 | NR | NR | −15.8 ± 3.8 | 1.0 ± 1.6 | NR | NR | −2.3 ± 1.0 | 27 |
| Miyagawa 2015 | UACR (mg/g) | 12.4 ± NR | NR | −1.77 ± 4.0 | −14.3 ± 32.3 | 10.62 ± NR | NR | 0.89 ± 2.0 | 8.4 ± 18.8 | 30 |
| Pfeffer 2015 | UACR (mg/g) | 10.0 ± 16.3 | 11.9 ± 26.7 | 1.9 ± 23.3 | 19.0 ± 233.0 | 10.4 ± 19.8 | 13.4 ± 34.7 | 3.0 ± 30.1 | 28.8 ± 289.4 | 9 |
| Von Scholten 2015 | Log UAE (mg/day) | 25.5 ± 30.4 | 18.6 ± 27.3 | NR | −27.1 ± 45.1 | 48.6 ± 137.3 | 53.5 ± 228.1 | NR | 10.1 ± 42.7 | 29 |
| Davies 2016 | UACR (mg/g) | 55.5 ± 4.2 | 48.3 ± 2.1 | −7.2 ± 2.4 | −13.0 ± 28.9 | 69.8 ± 4.0 | 73.3 ± 3.7 | 3.5 ± 3.2 | 5.0 ± 18.5 | 25 |
| Tonneijick 2016 | UACR (mg/mmol) | 0.9 ± 2.0 | 0.8 ± 1.3 | −0.1 ± 1.8 | −10.8 ± 193.5 | 1.0 ± 1.0 | 0.6 ± 0.4 | −0.4 ± 0.9 | −38.5 ± 86.5 | 18 |
| Tonneijick renal 2016 | UACR (mg/mmol) | 1.0 ± 0.6 | 0.9 ± 0.6 | −0.1 ± 0.6 | −10 ± 60 | 1.1 ± 3.3 | 2.1 ± 5.9 | 1.0 ± 5.1 | 87.6 ± 463.6 | 33 |
| Bouchi 2017 | UACR (mg/g) | 220.0 ± 243.0 | 32.0 ± 145.9 | −188.0 ± 211.9 | −85.5 ± 96.3 | 254.0 ± 294.8 | 226.0 ± 1005.9 | −28.0 ± 895.7 | −11.0 ± 352.6 | 32 |
| Mann 2017 | UACR (mg/g) | 21.0 ± NR | 24.1 ± NR | 3.1 ± 45.5 | 14.8 ± 216.7 | 21.0 ± NR | 28.5 ± NR | 7.5 ± 110.1 | 35.7 ± 524.3 | 10 |
| Tonneijick 2017 | UACR (mg/mmol) | 0.45 ± 1.4 | 0.67 ± 1.2 | 0.22 ± 1.3 | 48.9 ± 288.9 | 0.93 ± 1.0 | 0.81 ± 1.2 | −0.1 ± 1.1 | 10.8 ± 118.3 | 31 |
| Von Scholten 2017 | Log UAE (mg/day) | 183.0 ± 340.0 | 135.0 ± 172.6 | NR | −26.0 ± 48.0 | 181.0 ± 199.3 | 199.0 ± 333.3 | NR | 9.0 ± 35.4 | 20 |
| Tuttle 2018 | UACR (mg/g) | 223.6 ± 674.6 | NR | NR | −21.3 ± 98.8 | 195.6 ± 729.6 | NR | NR | −13.0 ± 110.1 | 19 |
| Gerstein 2019 | UACR (mg/mmol) | 1.8 ± 4.4 | NR | NR | −0.04 ± 71.8 | 1.88 ± 4.9 | NR | NR | 17.0 ± 71.8 | 12 |
| Mosenzon 2019 | UACR (mg/g) | 19.2 ± 79.6 | NR | NR | −14.0 ± 142.0 | 14.1 ± 63.2 | NR | NR | 19.0 ± 158.9 | 26 |
| Wang 2019 | UACR (mg/g) | 2.7 ± 4.2 | 3.3 ± 2.8 | NR | 22.2 ± 137.0 | 3.8 ± 8.4 | 4.6 ± 3.9 | NR | 21.1 ± 192 | 23 |
| Nakaguchi 2020 | UACR (mg/g) | 52.9 ± 362.8 | 33.3 ± 276 | −5.3 ± 52.2 | −10.0 ± 98.7 | 66.6 ± 84.1 | 32.1 ± 59.5 | −12.9 ± 51.0 | −19.4 ± 76.5 | 22 |
| Gerstein 2021 | Log UACR (mg/g) | 28.3 ± 81.9 | NR | NR | −37.0 ± 53.7 | 28.3 ± 71.9 | NR | NR | −19.0 ± 38.3 | 13 |
| Van Ruiten 2021 | UACR (mg/mmol) | 1.0 ± 1.6 | NR | NR | −15.6 ± 46.7 | 0.7 ± 1.9 | NR | NR | −11.0 ± 52.8 | 35 |
| Man 2020 SUSTAIN 1 | UACR (mg/g) | 13.7 ± 35.2 | 11.8 ± 11.5 | −1.9 ± 31.1 | −13.9 ± 227.0 | 13.7 ± 35.2 | 14.9 ± 14.2 | 1.2 ± 30.7 | 8.8 ± 224.1 | 34 |
| Man 2020 SUSTAIN 2 | UACR (mg/g) | 15.5 ± 32.6 | 13.5 ± 11.9 | −2.0 ± 28.6 | −12.9 ± 184.5 | 15.5 ± 32.6 | 15.1 ± 14.9 | −0.4 ± 28.3 | −2.6 ± 182.6 | 34 |
| Man 2020 SUSTAIN 3 | UACR (mg/g) | 15.4 ± 40.8 | 13.3 ± 13.8 | −2.1 ± 35.9 | −13.6 ± 233.1 | 15.4 ± 40.8 | 14.2 ± 13.3 | −1.2 ± 36.0 | −7.8 ± 233.8 | 34 |
| Man 2020 SUSTAIN 4 | UACR (mg/g) | 14.7 ± 37.8 | 13.2 ± 11.2 | −1.5 ± 33.6 | −10.2 ± 228.6 | 14.7 ± 37.8 | 14.5 ± 12.1 | −0.2 ± 33.4 | −1.4 ± 227.2 | 34 |
| Man 2020 SUSTAIN 5 | UACR (mg/g | 23.1 ± 86.2 | 18.0 ± 18.7 | −5.1 ± 78.5 | −22.1 ± 339.8 | 23.1 ± 86.2 | 28.8 ± 30.0 | 5.7 ± 75.8 | 24.7 ± 328.1 | 34 |
| Mann 2020 SUSTAIN 6 | UACR (mg/g) | 38.6 ± 213.7 | 35.4 ± 43.5 | −3.2 ± 195.6 | −8.3 ± 506.7 | 38.6 ± 213.7 | 50.5 ± 73.4 | 11.9 ± 188.1 | 30.8 ± 487.3 | 34 |
Note: Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation.
Abbreviations: GLP‐1, glucagon like peptide 1; Log, logarithm; NR, not reported; UACR, urine albumin to creatinine ratio; UAE, urine albumin excretion.