. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jun 7.

Published in final edited form as: Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2022 Jun 7;243:113991. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.113991

Table 2.

Estimated effect of neighborhood pollutant concentrations on math and language test z-scores, calculated from linear models New York City Longitudinal Study of Early Development Birth Years 1994–1998

		Language z-score		Math z-score
	Coefficient ^ab	Estimates	(95% CI)	Estimates	(95% CI)

Model 1 ^c	Diesel PM 1st quartile			REF
	Diesel PM 2nd quartile	0.02	(0.01,0.03)	0.01	(0.00, 0.02)
	Diesel PM 3rd quartile	0.01	(0.00, 0.02)	0.01	(0.00, 0.02)
	Diesel PM 4th quartile	0.01	(0.00, 0.02)	−0.03	(−0.04, −0.02)
Model 2 ^c	Perchloroethylene 1st quartile			REF
	Perchloroethylene 2nd quartile	0.04	(0.03, 0.05)	0.02	(0.01, 0.03)
	Perchloroethylene 3rd quartile	0.03	(0.02, 0.04)	0.03	(0.02, 0.04)
	Perchloroethylene 4th quartile	0.01	(0.00, 0.02)	−0.03	(−0.04, −0.02)

	Observations	187723		196122^c

Abbreviations: CI (Confidence Interval); PM (Particulate Matter); REF (Reference Category)

Estimates represent change in the outcomes’ z-scores associated with exposure level compared to reference.

All the models were adjusted for neighborhood deprivation index, maternal education, child’s highest venous lead level, maternal occupation status, maternal marital status, and maternal nativity/race/ethnicity

Separate linear models were fit for diesel particulate matter and Perchloroethylene as exposure variables. The sample size for these models varied as the language and math test z-scores were not imputed in corresponding models.