Table 4.
Factors related to traditional tobacco smoking among students aged 13–17 in Vietnam.
| Factor | All students |
Male students |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
| Year of data collection, (Ref: 2013) | ||||
| 2019 | 0.66* | 0.44–0.99 | 0.63 | 0.39–1.00 |
| Gender, (Ref: Female) | ||||
| Male | 4.25*** | 2.56–7.04 | – | – |
| Age, (Ref: 13) | ||||
| 14 | 1.19 | 0.71–2.00 | 1.40 | 0.63–3.11 |
| 15 | 1.27 | 0.85–1.92 | 2.00* | 1.16–3.44 |
| 16 | 1.41 | 0.86–2.30 | 2.30** | 1.24–4.27 |
| 17 | 1.45 | 0.93–2.25 | 2.30* | 1.18–4.48 |
| Parental monitoring, (Ref: Low) | ||||
| High | 0.57* | 0.37–0.88 | 0.58* | 0.34–0.97 |
| Parental understanding, (Ref: Low) | ||||
| High | 0.90 | 0.63–1.30 | 0.97 | 0.62–1.51 |
| Parental respect, (Ref: Low) | ||||
| High | 0.73 | 0.51–1.04 | 0.84 | 0.57–1.24 |
| Have close friends, (Ref: No) | ||||
| Yes | 1.28 | 0.73–2.23 | 1.19 | 0.61–2.31 |
| Loneliness, (Ref: No) | ||||
| Yes | 1.57* | 1.10–2.25 | 1.37 | 0.82–2.26 |
| Suicidal ideation, (Ref: No) | ||||
| Yes | 1.71* | 1.10–2.67 | 1.61 | 0.84–3.06 |
| Violence, (Ref: No) | ||||
| Yes | 1.31 | 0.80–2.17 | 1.36 | 0.77–2.38 |
| Bullied, (Ref: No) | ||||
| Yes | 0.82 | 0.50–1.33 | 0.89 | 0.50–1.59 |
| Sexual intercourse, (Ref: No) | ||||
| Yes | 4.56*** | 3.17–6.57 | 4.57*** | 3.13–6.66 |
| Truancy, (Ref: No) | ||||
| Yes | 2.23** | 1.38–3.61 | 2.31** | 1.29–4.14 |
| Alcohol consumption in the past 30 days, (Ref: No) | ||||
| Yes | 4.17*** | 2.78–6.24 | 3.79*** | 2.31–6.22 |
| Sedentary lifestyle, (Ref: No) | ||||
| Yes | 0.98 | 0.71–1.36 | 0.86 | 0.61–1.22 |
| Low fruit/vegetable intake, (Ref: No) | ||||
| Yes | 1.11 | 0.73–1.67 | 1.28 | 0.71–2.31 |
* p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001.