Table 3.
Selective prebiotics targeting the growth of targeted bacteria in the gut.
| Name of the prebiotic | Source | Targeted bacteria | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Inulin | - | Bifidobacterium and Lachnospiraceae | 124 |
| Omega-3 fatty acids | - | Coprococcus and Bacteroides species | 124 |
| Berberine and Curcumin | - | Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia species | 125 |
| Sulfoquinovose | Green vegetables | Faecalibacterium prausnitzii | 126 |
| Galactosyl-β1,4-l-rhamnose | - | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. Longum | 127 |
| Polyphenols | Fu brick tea | Akkermansia muciniphila, Alloprevotella, Bacteroides, and Faecalibaculum | 128 |
| Levan-type fructan | Erwinia species | Bifidobacterium and Eubacterium rectale | 129 |
| Polyphenols | Chilean currants | F. prausnitzii | 130 |
| Polyphenols | Cranberry and blueberry fruit powders | A. muciniphila | 131 |
| Protein-oligosaccharide conjugates | The conjugates were formed by mild Maillard-reaction-based covalent conjugation of galacto-oligosaccharides to lactoferrin hydrolysate | Lactobacillus casei | 119 |
| Chitin-glucan | - | Bifidobacterial communities, especially Bifidobacterium breve | 132 |
| Epigallocatechin gallate, caffeine, and theanine | Green tea | Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus species | 133 |
| Lycium barbarum polysaccharides | Goji berries | Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus species | 134 |
| Proanthocyanidin | Grapes | Akkermansia species | 135 |
| Anthocyanins | Black rice | Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus species | 136 |
| Triterpenoid saponins | Gynostemma pentaphyllum (a medicinal plant) | Bacteroides, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium | 137 |
| Yeast α-mannan | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron | 138 |
| Partially hydrolyzed guar gum | - | Bifidobacterium and butyrate producing bacteria | 139 |
| Polyfructan levan | Produced from sucrose using Lsc3 from Pseudomonas syringae | Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Escherichia and Streptococcus | 140 |
| Galactooligosaccharide mixture | Produced by enzymatic activity of Bifidobacterium bifidum NCIMB 41171 | Bifidobacterium bifidum | 141 |
| Lactulose | - | Bifidobacterium species | 142 |
| Xylooligosaccharide (XOS | - | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum CR15 | 143 |
| Pectic oligosaccharides | Sugarbeet pulp and lemon peel waste | Faecalibacterium and Roseburia | 144 |