Table 1.

Effectiveness strategies in the intervention group

Theories	Content	Strategies
The Omaha system	Problem classification scheme	▪ Assess four domains, namely, environmental, psychosocial, physiological, and health-related behavior
	Intervention scheme	▪ Set contract goals and formulate an individual care plan with the participants ▪ Provide information about health-promoting and self-care activities
	Problem-rating scale for outcomes	▪ Evaluate knowledge, behavior, and status after implementing the intervention
Bandura’s social cognitive theory	Mastery experience	▪ Explore past successful experiences of handling health care issues ▪ Remind them of helpful strategies
	Vicarious experience	▪ Show pictures, newspaper clips, or videos of celebrities who have successfully adhered to self-care behavior
	Social and verbal persuasion	▪ Provide verbal encouragement
	Physiological and affective states	▪ Monitor and note the physiological status, i.e., vital signs, regularly in a booklet ▪ Encourage the participants to state their concerns about work
Gittell’s relational coordination theory	Routines	▪ Formulate a standardized protocol
	Information systems	▪ Create referral forms and records
	Meetings	▪ Conduct bimonthly case conferences (frequency can be adjusted)
	Boundary spanner	▪ The nurse case manager can provide strong leadership and help to integrate the work of others