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CAPE upregulates the NRF2/HO-1 signaling pathway in IL-1β-induced human chondrocytes. The protein expression of NRF2 and HO-1 was (A) detected using western blot analysis and (B) quantified. (C) The nuclear translocation of NRF2 was observed using immunofluorescence. Scale bar, 50 µm. **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 and ****P<0.0001. CAPE, caffeic acid phenethyl ester; NRF2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; HO-1, heme oxygenase-1.
