Table I.
Summary table indicating the mitochondrial manifestations and the molecular targets that are affected by the high-fat diet.
| High-fat diet
| |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Phenotype | Tissue (host) | Molecular target | (Refs.) |
| Biogenesis | Skeletal muscle C57BL/6J mice |
↧PPARGC1a mRNA and protein levels | (63) |
| Biogenesis | Cardiac muscle Sprague-Dawley rats |
↧mtDNA copy number | (64) |
| Biogenesis | Cardiac muscle Wistar rats |
↧PGC-1a mRNA and protein levels | (65) |
| Biogenesis | Skeletal muscle Wistar rats |
↥PGC-1α and TFAM protein levels | (60) |
| Biogenesis | Skeletal muscle C57BL/6J mice and Wistar rats |
↥PGC-1α protein | (66) |
| Biogenesis | Skeletal muscle Wistar rats |
↥PGC-1α protein ↥PPRAGC1a mRNA levels |
(67) |
| Function | C57Bl/6 mice | ↧ OXPHOS-related mRNA transcripts ↧ cytochrome c protein levels |
(63) |
| Function | Cardiomyocytes Sprague-Dawley rats |
↧ mitochondrial respiration ↧ citrate synthase activities ↧ ATP ↥ AMP/ATP ratio |
(58) |
| Function | Skeletal muscle C57BL/6 mice |
↥ protein expression of all subunits from the respiratory chain | (66) |
| Function | Skeletal muscle Wistar rats |
↥COX1, COX4, UCP3 and Cyt b protein levels | (67) |
| Function | Myocardium Wistar rats |
↧ mRNA expression levels of the OXPHOS genes ↧ protein expression of NDUFB5 |
(65) |
| Dynamics | Myocardium Sprague-Dawley rats |
↥ FIS1 protein | (64) |
| Dynamics | Diaphragm C57BL/6 mice |
↧ MFN2 protein ↥ DRP1protein |
(70) |
| Dynamics | Skeletal muscle Sprague-Dawley rats |
- MFN2 protein ↥ DRP1 and FIS1proteins |
(71) |
| Dynamics | Skeletal muscle C57BL/6 mice |
- MFN1 protein ↥ MFN2 and OPA1 protein |
(72) |
| Mitophagy | Skeletal muscle non-obese sedentary male subjects and endurance-trained male runners |
- PINK1 | (73) |
| Mitophagy | Cardiomyocytes Tg-Mito-Keima transgenic mice |
↥ acidity (mitochondria come into contact with the acidic milieu of lysosomes during mitophagy) | (74) |
| Mitophagy | Cardiac muscle C57BL/6 mice |
↧ PARKIN protein - PARKIN mRNA |
(75) |
Upward arrows indicate an increase, and downward arrows indicate a decrease. mtDNA, mitochondrial DNA; GC-1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1α; TFAM, mitochondrial transcription factor A; OXPHOS, oxidative phosphorylation; AMP, adenosine monophosphate; ATP, adenosine triphosphate; COX, cytochrome c oxidase; FIS1, mitochondrial fission 1; MFN, mitofusin; DRP1, dynamin-related protein 1; OPA1, optic atrophy 1; PINK1, PTEN-induced kinase 1.