Table IV.
Summary table indicating the mitochondrial manifestations and the molecular targets that are affected during fasting.
| Fasting
| |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Phenotype | Tissue (host) | Molecular target | (Refs.) |
| Biogenesis/function | C2C12 myοtubes | ↥ PGC-1α protein ↥ SIRT1-dependent deacetylation |
(88) |
| Biogenesis | Liver HNF4α floxxed mice |
↥ PGC -1a protein | (158) |
| Biogenesis | Liver C57BL/6 mice |
↥ mRNA PPARGC1α | (159) |
| Biogenesis | Skeletal muscle male northern elephant seals | ↥ mRNA AMPK, SIRT1 - mRNA expression PPARGC1a |
(157) |
| Biogenesis | Hippocampal neurons cultures from embryonic day 17 Sprague-Dawley rats | ↥ PGC-1α | (161) |
| Biogenesis | Skeletal muscle of male northern elephant seals | ↥ AMPK phosphorylation ↥ mRNA SIRT1 - PGC-1a protein |
(157) |
| Biogenesis | Hippocampal neurons cultures cells | ↥ mRNA PPARGC1α | (161) |
| Biogenesis/function | Muscle, liver and blood C57BL/6J mice | ↥ Skeletal muscle mRNA levels of NRF1, NRF2, TFAM ↥ Hepatic mRNA level of PGC-1α ↥ Plasmatic level of glucose-6-phosphate |
(162) |
| Function | Liver, cardiac and skeletal muscle Wistar rats | ↥ Hexokinases activity in liver, cardiac and skeletal muscle ↥ FoF1 activity in skeletal muscle |
(163) |
| Function | Skeletal muscle OF-1 mice | ↥ Lipid catabolism | (164) |
| Function | Liver Ames dwarf mice |
↥ Stable or liver OXPHOS ↧ Components |
(165) |
| Function | Adipose tissue ob/ob mice | ↥ UCP1 protein | (168) |
| Function | Adipose tissue C57BL/6 mice | ↥ UCP1 protein ↧ Mitochondrial content in brown adipose tissue ↧ UCP1 protein mRNA levels |
(169) |
| Function | Human skeletal muscle | No difference on markers of mitochondrial metabolism (PGC-1a, SIRT3, MFN2) ↧ ROS production |
(147) |
| Function | Liver male FVB mice |
↥ Expression of enzymes of the tricarboxylic-acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation | (172) |
| Function | Skeletal muscle of ducklings | ↧ Activity of succinate-cytochrome c reductase ↧ Oxidative phosphorylation activities |
(171) |
| Function | Liver and skeletal muscles of ducklings | ↧ Oxidative phosphorylation activity ↥ Coupling efficiency |
(170) |
| Function | Human PBMCs | ↥ mRNA of genes related to fatty acid β-oxidation | (173) |
| Dynamics | Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) |
↥ Mitochondrial fission (electron microscopy images) ↧ Mitochondrial fusion (electron microscopy images) |
(175) |
| Dynamics | Liver C57Bl6J mice |
↥ Mitochondrial size before feeding ↧ Mitochondrial size after feediing |
(176) |
| Dynamics | Human adipose tissue | ↧ Genes involved in mitochondrial regulation (MRPS35, MRPL33, MRPL51, TOMM7, TOMM22, NDUFA12, NDUFS5, ATP5F1E, ATP5PD) | (174) |
| Mitophagy | Cardiac muscle C57BL/6 mice |
↥ Mitophagy-related targets | (178) |
| Mitophagy | Liver C57BL/6 mice |
↥ BNIP3 protein | (179) |
| Mitophagy | Skeletal muscle Human subjects |
- LC3BI and BNIP3 protein - LC3II:I ratio and p62/SQSTM1 protein |
(180) |
Upward arrows indicate an increase, and downward arrows indicate a decrease. PGC-1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1α; SIRT1, sirtuin 1; AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase; NRF, nuclear respiratory factor; OXPHOS, oxidative phosphorylation; UCP1, uncoupling protein 1; MFN, mitofusin.