Table V.
Summary table indicating the mitochondrial manifestations and the molecular targets that are affected during Mediterranean, Nordic, and mixed scheme diets.
| Mediterranean diet
| |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Phenotype | Diet and tissue (host) | Molecular target | (Refs.) |
| Biogenesis/function | HUVECs VEGF-induced mitochondrial dysfunction |
↥ NRF1, TFAM ↧ mtDNA, complex IV activity, mitochondria respiration |
(186) |
| Biogenesis/function | C57BL/6 mice treated with LPS | ↥ SIRT1, PGC-1a ↥ Cox5b, Cox7a1, Cox8b, and complexes I, II, III, and IV |
(187) |
| Biogenesis/function | HUVECs ox-LDL treated | ↥ SIRT1, AMPK, PGC-1a ↧ mito-ROS |
(188) |
| Biogenesis/function | C57BL/6 mice | ↥ SIRT1, PGC-1a | (189-191) |
| Biogenesis/function | Hepatocytes Megalobrama amblycephala fish |
↥ ATP turnover ↥ Mitochondrial abundance ↥ PGC-1a/b, NRF1, TFAM ↥ Citrate synthase activity |
(192) |
| Function | C57BL/6 mice | ↥ Complex I and II ↧ Complex V |
(193) |
| Biogenesis/function | HePG2 cells C57BL/6 mice |
↥ mtDNA, ATP, OXPHOS ↥ AMPK, PGC-1a ↥ Complex I and IV activity, mitochondria respiration |
(194) |
| Function | Myocardium of cardiac surgery patients |
↥ β-oxidation ↥ PPARγ |
(195) |
| Function | Muscle of overweight/T2D patients | ↥ State 3 respiration ↥ Mitochondrial function ↧ Complex IV |
(197) |
| Function | Whole blood at resistance trained human subjects | ↥ ATP turnover↧ mitoROS | (198) |
| Dynamics | C57BL/6 mice | ↧ DRP1 ↧ PARP |
(193) |
| Dynamics/biogenesis | PBMCs C57BL/6 mice |
↥ PGC-1a, NRF1 ↧ Oxidative stress ↥ MFN1, MFN2, FIS1 and Beclin-1 gene expression |
(199) |
| Dynamics/biogenesis | HePG2 cells C57BL/6 mice |
↥ Oxygen consumption ↥ Citrate synthase activity ↧ Oxidative stress ↥ MFN1, MFN2, OPA1 ↧DRP1 and FIS1 |
(200) |
|
| |||
| Nordic diet
| |||
| Phenotype | Diet and tissue (host) | Molecular target | (Refs.) |
|
| |||
| Function | PBMCs from human subjects with metabolic syndrome | Regulation of genes related to mitochondrial function, ETC and ROS production ↧ NRF1 and NRF2 expression |
(201) |
| Mixed schemes
| |||
| Phenotype | Diet and tissue (host) | Molecular target | (Refs.) |
|
| |||
| Function | High fat-keto diet in hippocampi C3HeB/FeJ juvenile mice |
↥ Mitochondrial uncoupling protein (UCP) expression and activity ↥ ROS amounts |
(138) |
|
| |||
| Mixed schemes
| |||
| Phenotype | Diet and tissue (host) | Molecular target | (Refs.) |
|
| |||
| Biogenesis | Keto and Western diet with. voluntarily exercise Skeletal muscle Sprague-Dawley rats |
↥ mRNA PPARGC1a | (123) |
| Function/dynamics | Keto diet and exercise training; Skeletal muscle of C57BL/6 mice | ↥ mitochondrial fission/fusion markers ↥ PGC-1α levels |
(141) |
| Dynamics | Skeletal muscle CR diet in female obese-insulin resistant (HFD) Wistar rats |
Restore of mitochondrial dynamics imbalance induced by HFD (↥ MFN2 levels, ↧ DRP1 phosphorylation) | (113) |
| Biogenesis/function | Calorie-restricted ketogenic diet; Brain of Sprague-Dawley rats | ↥ mRNA transcripts that encode mitochondrial proteins ↥ Mitochondrial abundance ↥ Flutamate levels ↥ Phosphocreatine/creatine index |
(142) |
Upward arrows indicate an increase, and downward arrows indicate a decrease. NRF, nuclear respiratory factor; TFAM, mitochondrial transcription factor A; mtDNA, mitochondrial DNA; PGC-1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1α; HFD, high-fat diet; MFN, mitofusin; DRP1, dynamin-related protein 1; COX, cytochrome c oxidase; OXPHOS, oxidative phosphorylation; HUVECs, human umbilical vein endothelial cells; PBMCs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells; ox-LDL, oxidized low-density lipoprotein.