FIGURE 3.

High‐throughput approaches to capture the translatome. RNA sequencing can capture all mRNAs in the cell lysate regardless of its translation status (left panel). Polysome profiling (middle panel) separates fractions of mRNAs according to the number of ribosomes attached to the mRNAs, which is assumed to correlate with the translation activity. Downstream sequencing of RNA in each polysomal fraction is performed as a standard RNA‐seq experiment, and the relative mRNAs abundances are interpreted as mRNA translation activities. In ribosome profiling or Ribo‐seq (right panel), mRNAs bound by the ribosomes are digested, producing footprints of approximately 30 nt representing the mRNA sites occupied by the ribosome. These fragments are then sequenced after detaching the ribosomes