TABLE 1.
Characteristics of patients implanted with CF‐LVAD and comparisons between patients with versus without post‐implant VAs occurrence
| No‐VAs group (N = 51) | VAs group (N = 18) | Total (N = 69) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at implantation (years) | 66.0 (62.5–71.0) | 66.5 (65.0–69.0) | 66.0 (63.0–71.0) | 0.89 |
| Gender (male) | 48 (94.1) | 17 (94.4) | 65 (94.2) | 0.99 |
| Diagnosis | 0.35 | |||
| ACM | 1 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.4) | |
| HCM | 1 (2.0) | 1 (5.6) | 2 (2.8) | |
| ICM | 34 (66.7) | 10 (55.6) | 44 (63.8) | |
| NIDCM | 12 (23.5) | 7 (38.9) | 19 (27.5) | |
| Radiation‐related CM | 1 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.4) | |
| Chemotherapy‐related CM | 1 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.4) | |
| Valvular heart disease | 1 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.4) | |
| Hypertension | 22 (43.1) | 8 (44.4) | 30 (43.5) | 0.99 |
| COPD | 15 (29.4) | 5 (27.8) | 20 (29.0) | 0.99 |
| CABG | 6 (11.8) | 2 (11.1) | 8 (11.6) | 0.99 |
| PTCA | 22 (43.1) | 8 (44.4) | 30 (43.5) | 0.99 |
| Diabetes | 16 (31.4) | 2 (11.1) | 18 (26.1) | 0.12 |
| CKD | 26 (51.0) | 9 (50.0) | 35 (50.7) | 0.99 |
| AF history | 16 (31.4) | 8 (44.4) | 24 (34.8) | 0.39 |
| VAs history | 26 (51.0) | 13 (72.2) | 39 (56.5) | 0.17 |
| Cardiac surgery | 19 (37.3) | 6 (33.3) | 25 (36.2) | 0.99 |
| Anti RAAs | 24 (47.1) | 4 (22.2) | 28 (40.6) | 0.09 |
| BBs | 47 (92.2) | 18 (100.0) | 65 (94.2) | 0.57 |
| AADs | 14 (28.0) | 9 (50.0) | 23 (33.8) | 0.14 |
| ICD implanted after CF‐LVAD | 7 (13.7%) | 3 (16.7%) | 10 (14.5%) | 0.71 |
| Echo LV EDV (ml) | 202.5 (184.8–220.2) | 244.0 (217.5–291.0) | 238.0 (191.0–244.0) | 0.25 |
| Echo LV EDD (mm) | 60.5 (57.2–66.0) | 61.5 (57.0–65.0) | 61.0 (57.0–66.0) | 0.67 |
| Echo LV ejection fraction (%) | 20.0 (18.0–20.0) | 20.0 (17.0–23.0) | 20.0 (19.0–22.0) | 0.31 |
| Echo RV TAPSE (mm) | 15.0 (13.0–16.0) | 16.0 (15.0–17.0) | 14.5 (13.0–16.0) | 0.22 |
| Echo RV S′ TDI (cm/s) | 9.0 (8.0–10.0) | 10.0 (8.1–10.0) | 9.0 (8.0–10.0) | 0.20 |
| Echo MR | 25 (49.0) | 6 (33.3) | 31 (44.9) | 0.28 |
| Echo AR | 4 (7.8) | 3 (16.7) | 7 (10.1) | 0.37 |
| Pump speed (rpm) | ||||
| HeartMate III | 5400.0 (5275.0–5550.0) | 5300.0 (5200.0–5400.0) | 5300.0 (5200.0–5400.0) | 0.17 |
| HeartWare HVAD | 2720.0 (2610.0–2800.0) | 2600.0 (2500.0–2655.0) | 2640.0 (2585.0–2785.0) | 0.12 |
| Pulse flow (L/min) | 4.4 (3.8–5.2) | 4.2 (3.8–4.6) | 4.3 (3.8–5.0) | 0.21 |
| Pulse power (W) | 4.2 (3.8–4.8) | 4.2 (3.6–5.0) | 4.2 (3.7–5.0) | 0.55 |
| Pulse index | 4.2 (3.3–5.2) | 3.8 (3.2–3.9) | 3.8 (3.3–4.8) | 0.23 |
Note: Results are reported as n (%) for categorical variables and median (interquartile range) for continuous variables.
Abbreviations: AADs, anti arrhythmic drugs; ACM, arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy; AF, atrial fibrillation; AR, aortic regurgitation at least moderate; BBs, Beta blockers; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; CF‐LVAD, continuous‐flow left ventricular assist device; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; EDD, end‐diastolic diameter; EDV, end‐diastolic volume; HCM, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; ICM, ischemic cardiomyopathy; MR, mitral regurgitation at least moderate; NIDCM, nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy; PTCA, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty; RAAS, Renin–angiotensin system inhibitors; TDI, tissue doppler imaging; VAs, ventricular arrhythmias.