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. 2021 Jun 1;45(5):681–690. doi: 10.1080/10790268.2021.1922230

Table 3.

Paired comparisons for pre and during COVID-19 scores for CIQ, HADS and WHOQOL-BREF assessments.

Questionnaire Domain/dimension/subscale COVID-19 Median Mean(SD) SE Mean CI. mean 0.95% Shapiro-Wilk normality test (p) Wilcoxon Signed rank test (W) Wilcoxon Signed rank test (P) Effect size (d)
CIQ HOME before 7.00 6.64 (2.76) 0.20 0.41 <0.0001 3647 0.284 −0.08
during 7.00 6.52(2.81) 0.21 0.42 <0.0001
SOC before 8.00 7.54(2.08) 0.15 0.31 <0.0001 5289 0.037 −0.15
during 8.00 7.20(2.30) 0.17 0.34 <0.0001
PROD before 0.00 1.39(1.76) 0.13 0.26 <0.0001 934 0.098 −0.12
during 0.00 1.60(1.95) 0.14 0.29 <0.0001
TOTAL before 16.00 15.57(5.00) 0.37 0.74 0.0015 6312 0.532 −0.047
during 16.00 15.32(5.48) 0.41 0.81 0.0006
HADS Anxiety before 6.00 6.21(4.28) 0.32 0.63 <0.0001 5131.5 0.463 −0.055
during 6.00 6.52(4.64) 0.35 0.69 <0.0001
Depression before 3.00 4.63(4.25) 0.32 0.63 <0.0001 3368.5 0.0001 −0.288
during 5.00 5.73(4.95) 0.37 0.73 <0.0001
WHOQOL-BREF Physical before 56.00 58.00(18.99) 1.43 2.83 0.0032 6811.5 0.0662 −0.138
during 56.00 55.54(21.62) 1.63 3.22 0.0070
Psychological before 69.00 61.71(19.75) 1.49 2.94 0.0004 6469 0.0668 −0.138
during 63.00 57.95(21.96) 1.66 3.27 0.0006
Social before 56.00 54.82(22.67) 1.71 3.38 0.0010 5709 0.7073 −0.0283
during 50.00 53.14(22.28) 1.68 3.32 0.0011
Environmental before 63.00 64.02(18.06) 1.36 2.69 0.0100 5752.5 0.8663 −0.0127
during 63.00 63.76(19.27) 1.45 2.87 0.0039

CIQ: Community Integration Questionnaire; HADS: Anxiety and Depression Scale, . WHOQOL-BREF: World Health Organization Quality of Life; HOME: Home Integration Domain; SOC: Social Integration Domain; PROD: Productive Activities Integration Domain