Table 3.
Event rates and hazard/rate ratios for all outcomes, according to diabetes status
| No. of events | Crude rate per 100 py | Adjusted HR/RR (95% CI) | p‐value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary composite outcome | ||||
| Normal HbA1c | 427 | 9.4 (8.6–10.4) | 1.00 (ref.) | |
| Pre‐diabetes | 295 | 11.8 (10.5–13.2) | 1.27 (1.00–1.60) | 0.05 |
| Diabetes | 1181 | 17.3 (16.3–18.3) | 1.59 (1.35–1.88) | <0.001 |
| Total hospitalizations for HF | ||||
| Normal HbA1c | 320 | 7.1 (6.3–7.9) | 1.00 (ref.) | |
| Pre‐diabetes | 230 | 9.2 (8.1–10.5) | 1.35 (1.03–1.77) | 0.03 |
| Diabetes | 937 | 13.7 (12.9–14.6) | 1.67 (1.39–2.02) | <0.001 |
| CV death | ||||
| Normal HbA1c | 107 | 2.4 (2.0–2.9) | 1.00 (ref.) | |
| Pre‐diabetes | 65 | 2.6 (2.0–3.3) | 1.02 (0.75–1.40) | 0.88 |
| Diabetes | 244 | 3.6 (3.1–4.0) | 1.35 (1.07–1.71) | 0.01 |
| First hospitalization for HF or CV death | ||||
| Normal HbA1c | 278 | 6.6 (5.8–7.4) | 1.00 (ref.) | |
| Pre‐diabetes | 178 | 7.8 (6.7–9.0) | 1.17 (0.96–1.42) | 0.11 |
| Diabetes | 627 | 10.3 (9.5–11.1) | 1.38 (1.19–1.60) | <0.001 |
| First hospitalization for HF | ||||
| Normal HbA1c | 209 | 4.9 (4.3–5.6) | 1.00 (ref.) | |
| Pre‐diabetes | 138 | 6.0 (5.1–7.1) | 1.25 (1.00–1.55) | 0.047 |
| Diabetes | 491 | 8.0 (7.4–8.8) | 1.44 (1.22–1.70) | <0.001 |
| Death from any cause | ||||
| Normal HbA1c | 180 | 4.0 (3.4–4.6) | 1.00 (ref.) | |
| Pre‐diabetes | 106 | 4.2 (3.5–5.1) | 0.98 (0.77–1.25) | 0.87 |
| Diabetes | 405 | 5.9 (5.4–6.5) | 1.40 (1.17–1.68) | <0.001 |
| Renal composite outcome | ||||
| Normal HbA1c | 20 | 0.4 (0.3–0.7) | 1.00 (ref.) | |
| Pre‐diabetes | 10 | 0.4 (0.2–0.7) | 1.01 (0.47–2.17) | 0.97 |
| Diabetes | 67 | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 2.28 (1.37–3.79) | 0.002 |
CI, confidence interval; CV, cardiovascular; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; HF, heart failure; HR, hazard ratio; py, person‐years; RR, rate ratio.
Adjusted for age, sex, race, New York Heart Association class, smoking status (current), prior HF hospitalization, HF duration, left ventricular ejection fraction, N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (log), systolic blood pressure, heart rate, serum creatinine level, history of myocardial infarction, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, atrial fibrillation, hypertension, and randomly assigned treatment.
Renal composite outcome = Estimated glomerular filtration rate decrease of 50% or more, end‐stage kidney disease, or death due to kidney failure.