Table S3.

Botanical Medicine Modulation of Vaccine Efficacy

	Dosage	Timing (before/after vaccination)	Control	Population	Vaccine Type	Outcome	Citation
JTT (Kampo)	3.75 g JTT formula containing astragalus, cinnamon, Panax ginseng, licorice and others BID Total daily dose 7.5g	4 weeks before and 24 weeks after vaccination	No supplementation	65+ years n=90	TIV	Significantly increased antibody titers for H3N2 but not other strainsa	Saiki et al35
JTT (Kampo)	15 mg JTT formula containing astragalus, cinnamon, Panax ginseng, licorice and others daily	35 days during first cycle of vaccinations	No supplementation	50-83 year; median age 66 Advanced pancreatic cancer patients undergoing peptide vaccination n=57	Personalized peptides based on HLA typing and IgG titers	No significant change in vaccine responseb	Yutani et al36
Chinese wolfberry (Goji berry)	13.7 g lacto-wolfberry supplement containing 530 mg/g wolfberry fruit, 290 mg/g bovine skimmed milk, 180 mg/g maltodextrin daily	1 month before and 2 months after vaccine	13.7 g/d placebo containing 290 mg/g bovine skimmed milk, 200 mg/g maltodextrin, 476 mg/g sucrose, and 34 mg/g colorants.	65-70 years n=150	TIV	Significantly increased total and influenza-specific antibody levelsa	Vidal et al37

^aSignificant effect on/association with vaccine response for at least one vaccine strain/subgroup;

^bNo significant effect on/association with vaccine response