Figure 2.

Gut microbiota profiles and differential bacterial taxa in children living in Southern China as determined by 16S rRNA sequencing. (a) Taxonomic profile of the bacterial community at the genus level. (b) Alpha diversity of species measured by three metrics, including Shannon diversity, core abundance (the relative proportion of the core species), and the Prevotella-to-Bacteroides ratio. (c) Beta diversity between urban and rural, case and control participants measured by the Bray-Curtis dissimilarity. (d, e) Weighted Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) and percentage of enterotypes. (f) Biplot of sample dissimilarity and relative abundance of bacteria at the family level in the ordination space of Principal Component Analysis (PCA). (g, h) Association of differential gut bacterial taxa with allergy case vs. control (g), or urban vs rural status (h) as determined by the MaAsLin2 multivariate correlation after adjusting for age, gender, and BMI. Coefficients of linear models are shown. Benjamini–Hochberg adjusted p-values for multiple comparisons with a false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.25 are shown. Refer to Table S2 for MaAsLin2 associations. n.s., not significant.