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. 2022 Oct 6;14(1):2128603. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2128603

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© 2022 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 1. — Antibiotic-naive COVID-19 patients harbor more ARGs than non-COVID-19 controls. (a) Schematic overview of the study design, depicting the total number of samples and participants from whom data were available. The horizontal bars represent the sample collected at specific time point from antibiotic-naive COVID-19 patients. (b) Bray–Curtis-based beta diversity of baseline stool samples from COVID-19 patients and non-COVID-19 subjects based on ARG subtypes. The alpha diversity (Shannon, C), observed ARG types (d), observed ARG subtypes (e), and the normalized abundance of ARGs (f) were all significantly higher in stool samples from COVID-19 patients than that of non-COVID-19 subjects. (g) The prevalence of ARG types in COVID-19 patients and non-COVID-19 subjects.