TABLE 3.
Number and percentage of individuals, mean HbA1c, percentage of those at the target HbA1c level (<53 mmol/mol or 7%) and with a poor HbA1c level (>=75 mmol/mol or 9%) in each medication group a for the year’s 2013 cohort still followed in 2019 (N = 4587)
| Medication group | Statistic | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No medication | N (%) | 241 (5.9) | 226 (5.3) | 199 (4.7) | 188 (4.4) | 174 (4.1) | 155 (3.9) | 155 (3.9) |
| Mean HbA1c, mmol/mol (%) | 40 (5.8) | 42 (6.0) | 41 (5.9) | 41 (5.9) | 41 (5.9) | 42 (6.0) | 42 (6.0) | |
| HbA1c < 53 mmol/mol (7%), % | 97 | 97 | 99 | 97 | 95 | 96 | 99 | |
| HbA1c ≥ 75 mmol/mol (9%), % | 1.2 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 0.0 | |
| Metformin only | N (%) | 1458 (36) | 1454 (34) | 1342 (32) | 1209 (29) | 1174 (28) | 988 (25) | 933 (24) |
| Mean HbA1c, mmol/mol (%) | 42 (6.0) | 44 (6.2) | 44 (6.1) | 43 (6.1) | 44 (6.2) | 44 (6.2) | 45 (6.2) | |
| HbA1c < 53 mmol/mol (7%), % | 96 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 93 | 93 | 90 | |
| HbA1c ≥ 75 mmol/mol (9%), % | 0.5 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.2 | |
| Gliptin without SGLT2‐i or GLP−1 RA or insulin | N (%) | 750 (18) | 837 (20) | 877 (21) | 886 (21) | 802 (19) | 684 (17) | 623 (16) |
| Mean HbA1c, mmol/mol (%) | 46 (6.4) | 48 (6.6) | 48 (6.5) | 48 (6.5) | 48 (6.6) | 48 (6.5) | 48 (6.6) | |
| HbA1c < 53 mmol/mol (7%), % | 83 | 77 | 78 | 80 | 77 | 80 | 76 | |
| HbA1c ≥ 75 mmol/mol (9%), % | 1.9 | 1.8 | 2.1 | 1.7 | 2.1 | 1.5 | 1.4 | |
| SGLT2‐i without GLP−1 RA or insulin | N (%) | 94 (2.3) | 122 (2.9) | 146 (3.5) | 236 (5.6) | 335 (7.9) | 392 (9.8) | 429 (11) |
| Mean HbA1c, mmol/mol (%) | 46 (6.3) | 47 (6.5) | 49 (6.7) | 51 (6.8) | 53 (7.0) | 53 (7.0) | 54 (7.1) | |
| HbA1c < 53 mmol/mol (7%), % | 88 | 80 | 70 | 64 | 57 | 50 | 49 | |
| HbA1c ≥ 75 mmol/mol (9%), % | 2.1 | 0.0 | 0.7 | 2.1 | 3.3 | 2.6 | 3.3 | |
| GLP−1 RA without insulin | N (%) | 126 (3.1) | 133 (3.1) | 140 (3.3) | 141 (3.3) | 148 (3.5) | 147 (3.7) | 158 (4.0) |
| Mean HbA1c, mmol/mol (%) | 49 (6.6) | 51 (6.8) | 53 (7.0) | 54 (7.1) | 56 (7.2) | 56 (7.3) | 58 (7.4) | |
| HbA1c < 53 mmol/mol (7%), % | 71 | 65 | 52 | 50 | 45 | 40 | 39 | |
| HbA1c ≥ 75 mmol/mol (9%), % | 0.8 | 3.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 7.4 | 6.1 | 8.9 | |
| Long‐acting insulin without short‐acting insulin | N (%) | 654 (16) | 723 (17) | 771 (18) | 821 (19) | 885 (21) | 931 (23) | 943 (24) |
| Mean HbA1c, mmol/mol (%) | 55 (7.2) | 58 (7.4) | 58 (7.5) | 58 (7.5) | 60 (7.6) | 60 (7.7) | 61 (7.7) | |
| HbA1c < 53 mmol/mol (7%), % | 53 | 43 | 37 | 37 | 31 | 32 | 29 | |
| HbA1c ≥ 75 mmol/mol (9%), % | 9.0 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 15 | 15 | |
| Short‐acting insulin | N (%) | 643 (16) | 662 (16) | 669 (16) | 681 (16) | 682 (16) | 663 (17) | 680 (17) |
| Mean HbA1c, mmol/mol (%) | 61 (7.7) | 61 (7.7) | 62 (7.8) | 62 (7.9) | 64 (8.0) | 63 (7.9) | 66 (8.2) | |
| HbA1c < 53 mmol/mol (7%), % | 31 | 30 | 26 | 24 | 23 | 25 | 20 | |
| HbA1c ≥ 75 mmol/mol (9%), % | 16. | 17 | 17 | 19 | 20 | 20 | 24 | |
| Other | N (%) | 127 (3.1) | 101 (2.4) | 82 (1.9) | 68 (1.6) | 45 (1.1) | 39 (1.0) | 26 (0.7) |
| Mean HbA1c, mmol/mol (%) | 45 (6.2) | 45 (6.3) | 45 (6.3) | 43 (6.1) | 46 (6.3) | 45 (6.2) | 46 (6.3) | |
| HbA1c < 53 mmol/mol (7%), % | 92 | 87 | 92 | 90 | 87 | 82 | 96 | |
| HbA1c ≥ 75 mmol/mol (9%), % | 0.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 3.8 |
a
Each category can include medications from the previous categories except the category other, which includes only medications not mentioned previously.