FIGURE 3.

Prices of modestly effective disease‐modifying treatments (DMTs). This graph shows that average contract‐negotiated prices of the MS Treatment Optimization Program (MSTOP) designated preferred modestly effective DMTs (meDMTs; dark blue line; lowest priced interferon‐beta + lowest priced glatiramer acetate product) improved following MSTOP initiation despite continual and rapidly increasing prices of most meDMTs. The highest priced meDMT per year is shown by the red line and the median annual Kaiser Permanente–negotiated price of all meDMTs by the black line. Introduction of a generic DMT (glatiramer acetate) in mid‐2015 did not result in a decreased price of either the lowest priced meDMT (light blue line) or the average price of the preferred meDMTs. However, both of these prices came down following the introduction of a second generic glatiramer acetate product in October of 2017.